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Study on Scope and Existing Cropping Pattern at South-western Saline Region of Bangladesh

Pradip Hajong
Agricultural Economics Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jashore-7400

Md. Hafijur Rahman
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jashore-7400

Md. Sayedur Rahman
Agricultural Economics Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jashore-7400

Kawsar Uddin Ahammad
On-farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jashore-7400

Md. Ishaqul Islam
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jashore-7400, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

One of the major restrictions influencing crop production in Bangladesh's coastal districts is salinity. In order to better understand the specific conditions in the south-western region of Bangladesh, where significant salinity and problems in crop production prevail, this study took place in two districts, namely Satkhira and Khulna. Six Upazila were selected for the current study: Satkhira Sadar, Kaligonj, and Dumuria in Satkhira, and Batiaghata and Dacope in Khulna. Among the selected farmers, about sixty-six percent of farmers were small farmers. The average farm size was 0.83 ha. Most of the land of the saline area was covered by a single crop with T. Aman. Ninety percent of the farmer of Satkhira Sadar Upazila cover T. Aman-mustard-boro, which was the main cropping pattern. T. Aman-mustard, T. Aman-wheat, T. Aman-grasspea, etc., were the major existing cropping pattern. Different vegetables and other field crops such as bottle gourd, bitter gourd, ladies finger, garden pea, potato, sweet potato, maize, chili, etc., were cultivated in the study area sporadically. Most of the cost involved for labor cost in T. Aman rice cultivation. If the farmer cultivates the land by sharecropping from the owner, then the farmer gives half of the crop to his landowner. The highest total rice equivalent yield (TREY) was the T. Aman-mustard-boro cropping pattern and it was 13.23 t ha^-1. Most of the farmers were eager to cultivate more new crops. Saline water, water stagnant, insufficient irrigation water, the late harvest of T. Aman rice, late ‘joe’ condition, etc., were the main constraints to develop a new cropping pattern.

Keywords: Cropping pattern, Salinity, Cost & return, Satkhira, Khulna

Location: Khulna and Satkhira of Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-02-2019

End Date: 00-04-2019

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Cropping pattern, Climate change

Objectives:

The study was conducted on the following objectives (i) to assess the existing cropping pattern and scope of developing new cropping patterns. (ii) to assess the constraints for developing an alternative cropping pattern.

Methodology:

For the present study, 180 samples of a farmer were taken from two districts of the south-western saline region such as Khulna and Satkhira of Bangladesh, three Upazila from each district and 30 samples from each upazilla was purposively selected. Dumuria, Batiaghata, and Dacope Upazila from Khulna district and Sadar, Kaligonj, and Shyamnagar Upazila of Satkhira district were purposively selected for data collection. For purposive data collection, the Haraddah village of Sadar Upazila of Satkhira was selected where various cropping patterns existed. Bharasimla village was selected from Kaligonj Upazila where excessive salinity existed, diversified, and challenged cropping patterns. Mahmudpur, Jadabpur, and Debipur village were selected from Shyamnagar Upazila to collect data collection with high salinity. On another side, Kalikapur and Senpara from Dumuria were selected for data collection. Mohammadnagar, Sachibunia, Basurabad, and Vennabunia were selected from Batiaghata Upazila. Kalinagar, Kamarkhola, Charnichab, Sutarkhali were selected from Dacope Upazila where high salinity exists. Focus group discussion (FGD) was done in each Upazila with Upazila Agricultural Officer (UAO) with SAAO, local delegates, and farmers to know the existing cropping pattern, the problem of existing cropping pattern, and the scope of developing cropping pattern. FGD and individual surveys were done from February to April 2019. Data were obtained from each farmer when the completed questionnaire was given to them. Descriptive statistics like averages, percentages, and ratios were utilized to show the study results along with various statistical methods, including the t-Test, ANOVA, and regression analysis. Gross return, gross margin, and benefit-cost ratio analyses were used to assess the profitability of crop production. The land-use cost was based on the value of land each year. Based on the prevailing market price of each crop, the yield was converted into the rice equivalent yield of rice.

Source of Information: Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research - Volume 27, Issue 02, 2278-2286, 2021

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.18801/jbar.270221.277

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Most of the land of the salinity region was not suitable for cultivating more than one crop. However, two to three crops were cultivated in different Upazila but maximum land was covered by fallow-T. Aman- fallow cropping pattern. Besides T. Aman rice, other crops such as wheat, jute, grass pea, mustard, sunflower, watermelon, mungbean, sesame, and different vegetables were cultivated in the study areas. Though farmers of that region T. Aman were eager to cultivate more than one crop besides T. Aman rice, they faced some problems. The main reason was salinity in the land and water, irrigation water crisis at rabi season, the late harvest of T. Aman rice, late joe condition of the land, etc. Most farmers T. Amans cultivate long-duration T. Aman rice and harvest at the last week of December to January, so they have less scope to cultivate Rabi crops or second crops.

Knowledge Management: Journal