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Antinociceptive Activity Studies with Methanol Extract of Annona Reticulata L. (annonaceae) and Carissa Carandas L. (apocynaceae) Leaves in Swiss Albino Mice

Md. Rashedul Islam
Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Sk. Mizanur Rahman
Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Mithil Ahmed
Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Protiva Rani Das
Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Md. Tabibul Islam
Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Mohammad Humayoun Kabir,
Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Ishtiaq Ahmad
Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Mohammed Rahmatullah*
Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The antinociceptive effect of methanolic extract of Annona reticulata and Carissa carandas leaves were studied in acetic acid-induced gastric pain model in Swiss albino mice. Extract of leaves of both plants exhibited dose-dependent and significant antinociceptive activity and decreased the number of writhings induced by intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid in mice. At doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg extract per kg body weight, methanolic extract of leaves of Carissa carandas reduced the number of writhings by 40.9, 42.8, 59.2 and 61.2%, respectively. These results compare favorably with that of the standard antinociceptive drug, aspirin, which when administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg per kg body weight, reduced the number of writhings by 51.0 and 73.4%, respectively. Methanolic extract of leaves of Annona reticulata, when administered at doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg extract per kg body weight reduced the number of writhings, respectively, by 47.0, 55.1, 67.3, and 69.4%. The results suggest that leaves of both plants contain constituent(s) with strong antinociceptive activity and as such leaves of both plants merit further scientific studies for isolation of antinociceptive components leading to discovery of possibly novel and more efficacious pain-killing drugs. Pain is a common affliction of human beings and can arise from many causes. Standard pain-killing drugs like aspirin and paracetamol suffer from the problem of inducing gastric ulceration or hepatotoxicity from overdose or prolonged use. As such, newer and more efficacious painkillers can prove to be highly beneficial to human beings.

Keywords: Annona reticulata, Carissa carandas, Antinociceptive, Annonaceae, Apocynaceae

Location: Dhaka district, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2011

End Date:

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Medicinal Plants

Objectives:

As part of this ongoing screening of medicinal plants of Bangladesh for possible antinociceptive effects, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the methanolic extract of leaves of Annona reticulata and Carissa carandas for gastric pain (as manifested by writhings) inhibitory activity in Swiss albino mice following intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid.

Methodology:

The leaves of Annona reticulata were collected from Dhaka district, Bangladesh during January, 2011. The plant was taxonomically identified at the Bangladesh National Herbarium at Dhaka (Voucher specimen No. 35,403). The air-dried leaves of Annona reticulata were grounded into a fine powder, and 100g of the powder was extracted with methanol (1:5, w/v) for 48 hrs. The extract was evaporated to dryness. The final weight of the extract was 8.36g. The leaves of Carissa carandas were also collected from Dhaka district, Bangladesh in January 2011. The plant was taxonomically identified at the Bangladesh National Herbarium at Dhaka (Voucher specimen No. 35,404). Air-dried leaves were grounded into a fine powder, and 100g of the powder was extracted with methanol (1:5, w/v) for 48 hours. The extract was evaporated to dryness. The final weight of the extract was 9.18g. Glacial acetic acid was obtained from Sigma Chemicals, USA; aspirin was obtained from Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Bangladesh. In the present study, Swiss albino male mice, which weighed between 20-25g were used. The animals were obtained from International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B). Prior to experiments, all the animals were acclimatized for one week. During this one week period, mice were fed with standard mice feed obtained from ICDDR,B and water, given ad libitum. The study was conducted following approval by the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee of University of Development Alternatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Antinociceptive activity of the methanol extracts were examined using previously described procedures (Shanmugasundaram and Venkataraman, 2005). Briefly, mice were divided into eleven groups of six mice each. Group 1 served as control and was administered vehicle only. Groups 2 and 3 were orally administered the standard antinociceptive drug aspirin at doses of 200 and 400 mg per kg body weight, respectively. Groups 4-7 were administered methanolic leaf extract of Carissa carandas at doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg per kg body weight, respectively. Groups 8-11 were administered methanolic extract of Annona reticulata leaves at doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg per kg body weight, respectively. Following a period of 60 minutes after oral administration of standard drug or extract, all mice were intraperitoneally injected with 1% acetic acid at a dose of 10 ml per kg body weight. A period of 5 minutes was given to each animal to ensure bio-availability of acetic acid, following which period, the number of writhings was counted for 10 min. Student’s t-test was used to analyze any significant differences between control and experimental groups. P < 0.05, was considered significant as compared to control.

Source of Information: Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 6(8): 1313-1318, 2012 ISSN 1995-0772

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Analgesic activity of bark of Annona reticulata has been previously mentioned (Chavan etal., 2012 a,b) in the introductory section. The leaves of a related species, Annona squamosa along with the leaves of Azadirachta indica in a polyherbal formulation reportedly showed analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities (Sharma etal., 2010). Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity has also been reported for Carissa carandas fruits (Sharma etal., 2007). The potential for obtaining phytochemical constituent(s) with pain-relieving activity is thus very strong from leaves of Annona reticulata and Carissa carandas considering that not only other parts of these plants has been shown to possess analgesic activity, but also the present results demonstrate strong antinociceptive activity in the leaves of both plant species.

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