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Performance Evaluation of Moringa Oleifera and Available Roughages (maize and Australian Sweet Jumbo) on Feeding Values of Growing BLRI Cattle Breed-1 (bcb-1) Bulls

Biplob Kumer Roy
Division of Animal Production Research, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh.

Muhammad Khairul Bashar
Division of Animal Production Research, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh.

Shak Mohammad Jahangir Hossain
Division of Animal Production Research, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh.

Khan Shahidul Huque
Division of Animal Production Research, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh.

Harinder P. S. Makkar
Livestock Production Systems Branch, Division of Animal Production and Health, FAO, Rome, Italy

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate intake, digestibility and growth performances of local growing bulls fed Moringa plant fodder or Australian Sweet Jumbo alone keeping Maize silage as control and to scaling up the available roughages. Eighteen BLRI Cattle Breed-1(BCB-1) growing bulls of 103.8±25.5 Kg live weight were randomly allocated to three dietary groups designed in a completely randomized design, having six animals in each group. The three experimental diets were Australian Sweet Jumbo silage and Moringa foliages considered as treatments and Maize silage keeping as control. Daily DM intake of bulls fed Moringa foliage was significantly higher (p<0.01) than those fed with Maize or AS Jumbo. A similar trend in CP (p<0.001) and OM (p<0.01) intake was found among the roughages. Compared feeding with AS Jumbo silage, the relative DM intake was increased (p<0.01) by 11.79 and 26.02 percent, respectively for bulls fed Maize and Moringa foliages. The digestible DM, DCP, DE, ME and MP intake was significantly higher (p<0.001) in bulls fed with Moringa than the bulls fed with other roughages. Digestibility coefficient of nutrients reflected that Moringa foliage had the highest DM, CP, or OM digestibility, and they were significantly (p<0.001) higher than that of Maize or AS Jumbo. However, AS Jumbo-fed bulls had a significantly (P<0.01) lower digestibility of DM, OM or CP. Maize had the highest NDF digestibility compared to other two roughages. However, the ADF digestibility of Maize, AS Jumbo and Moringa foliage did not differ significantly (p>0.05). Feeding Moringa foliage had a significantly (p<0.05) higher average daily gain of 376 g compared to 289g of Maize or 218 g of AS Jumbo with an average feed conversion efficiency of 8.85, 11.52 and 13.08 respectively. It was concluded that Moringa oleifera had higher nutritional significance and less cost of production compared to Maize and Australian Sweet (AS) Jumbo silages.

Keywords: Moringa, Maize, Jumbo, Intake, Digestibility, Feed efficiency, Growth, Rank

Location: The Cattle Research Farm, Pachutia, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle, Feed

Objectives:

To evaluating intake, digestibility and growth performances of growing cattle fed with Moringa plant fodder or Australian Sweet Jumbo keeping Maize silage as control and to rank the available roughages.

Methodology:

Experimental Location: This experiment was carried out with different types of available green fodders and Moringa foliages at the Cattle Research Farm, Pachutia, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Nutritional analysis was done at Animal Nutrition laboratory under the Animal Production Research Division of BLRI, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Fodder Cultivation: The seeds of Australian Sweet Jumbo (Sorghum bicolor; “AS Jumbo”) and Maize fodder (Zea mays; BARI hybrid) were procured from local authorized sources and cultivate in the Patuatia Fodder Research Plot, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. All the recommended and standard agronomic practices were followed during the sowing to harvest period. At the early stage of maturity considering the flowering stage, the Sweet Jumbo was harvested and Maize harvested at the same stage of maturity. Silage Making: For silage making, the fodder was chopped into 6-8 cm using a chaf cutter machine and then ensiled in an earthen pit. The silos were filled rapidly and pressed properly to remove air for making good anaerobic conditions. Each pit was covered with 2 inches thick layer of rice straw and outer surface of the pit was also covered by plastic sheet then plastered with mud to avoid any cracking. The silage pit was not opened for 30 days to follow the fermentation procedure. After fermentation, the plastic sheet was removed to take the silages for feeding, starting withdrawal of silages through the upper layer and working downwards to the lower layers. Per day requirement of silage was taken out for animal feeding. After being taken silage from the pit, the plastic sheet was put back to keep the pit sealed.

2.4 Collection and Processing of Moringa Plants Fodder Moringa (Moringa oleifera) plants fodder was collected from BLRI fodder research plot. The fresh Moringa fodder plants was chopped using a chaff cutter machine, sun dried for 3-4 days and grounded it using a roughage grinder machine. The processed Moringa plants fodder had a leaf to stem ratios of 1.2:1 and acid detergent fiber (ADF) to crude protein (CP) ratios of 1.84:1 on dry matter basis. Experimental Design, Animals and Diets: Eighteen BCB-1 growing bulls of 103.8±25.5 Kg live weight and 14-22 months of age were randomly allocated to three dietary groups having six animals in each group. Three dietary groups were AS Jumbo silage and Moringa foliages considered as treatments and Maize silage as control. The experimental animals were housed individually and fed only the roughage diets ad libitum for a period of 75 days; first 15 days was given for the adjustment of feed and the rest 60 days was considered for feeding trial. Fresh and clean water was made available in the sheds for whole experimental period. Chemical Analysis: Samples of feeds, residue left and faces were analyzed for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). DM was determined by oven drying samples at 105°C for overnight. Ash determination was done at 550°C for 8 h, total nitrogen (N) by Kjeldahl procedure and CP calculated from N content (CP = N × 6.25) according to the official methods of AOAC. NDF and ADF were determined by the procedure proposed by Goering and Van Soest. The apparent digestibility coefficient for DM was calculated from dietary intake of constituents and the amount recovered in feces. The gross energy of the diets were determined using Bomb Calorimeter (Model IKA). 2.10 Statistical Analysis The response to dietary treatments on intake, digestibility, nutritional quality and growth rate were compared statistically in an ANOVA of a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using GLM Procedures of SPSS, 11.1 for Windows (SPSS) [8] computer software packages. The least significant difference (LSD) test was used when the difference between treatments means was significant.

Source of Information: American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 14(1): 1-9, 2016, Article no.AJEA.29284; ISSN: 2231-0606

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Achievement/Findings:

Considering the nutritional quality of roughages and cost of beef production, the roughages may be ranked as Moringa foliage> Maize silage>AS Jumbo silage. However, farmers may use this roughage scale in formulating cost-effective diets for making more profit of cattle production. Moreover, these data will lead further development of feeding models for beef production in the country.

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