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Effect of Cultivar and Seed Rate on Weed Infestation and Crop Performance of Wheat

Shanta Islam
Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh

Muhamad Salim
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md Saiful Kamal Azad
ACI Logistics Limited, Bangladesh

Md Rashedur Rahman
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from November 2015 to March 2016 to study the effect of cultivar and seed rate on weed infestation and crop performance of wheat. Three wheat cultivars viz. BARI Gom 22, BARI Gom 23 and BARI Gom 24 and four seed rates viz. 80, 100, 120 and 140 kg ha^-1 were taken as the experimental treatment. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The cultivar and seed rate significantly influenced weed infestation and crop performance of wheat. The dry weight of weeds under cultivar BARI Gom 24 was the lowest (4.18 g m^-2) compared to other cultivars. The lowest dry weight of weed was recorded in the seed rate of 120 kg ha^-1 (3.67 g m^-2) and the highest one (6.69 g m^-2) was produced under the seed rate of 80 kg ha^-1. The highest number of effective tillers plant^-1 (4.05), total number of tillers plant^-1 (4.53), number of grain spike^-1 (19.85) and grain yield (1.56 g) were produced by BARI Gom 24. BARI Gom 24 produced the highest grain yield (1.56 t ha^-1) which was as good as BARI Gom 22 (1.40 t ha^-1). BARI Gom 24 produced the highest grain yield with 100 kg seed rate and also a good competitor against weeds. Seed rate was a reliable factor where increasing seed rate reduced the intensity of weed infestation and weed dry weight production. In conclusion, cultivation of BARI Gom 24 at the rate of 120 kg ha^-1 seeds may be cultivated for higher grain yield.

Keywords: Seed rate, Variety, Weed infestation, Wheat

Location: Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-11-2015

End Date: 00-03-2016

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Weed management, Wheat

Objectives:

To find out the effect of seed rate and cultivars on the weed infestation and field performance of wheat in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Experimental site: The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from November 2015 to March 2016. The experimental field was located at 24°75′ N latitude and 90°50′ E longitude at an elevation of 18 m above the sea level belonging to non-calcareous dark grey floodplain soil under Old Brahmaputra Floodplain Agro-ecological zone-“AEZ 9”. The experimental plot was a medium high land with silty clay loam soil having pH 5.80. The experimental site belongs to the subtropical area characterized by heavy rainfall during kharif season (April to September) and scanty in the rabi season (October to March) associated with moderately low temperature and plenty of sunshine. Experimental treatment and layout: The experiment consisted of two factors viz., A) variety: BARI Gom22 (V1), BARI Gom23(V2) and BARI Gom24(V3) and B) seed rate: 80 kg/ha (S1), 100 kg/ha (S2), 120 kg/ha(S3) and 140 kg/ha(S4). The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. Therefore, the total number of plots was 36 (3×4×3). The unit plot size was 4 m×2.5 m. Crop husbandry: The experimental field was prepared with power tiller followed by laddering. All the weeds and stubbles were removed from the field and made ready for sowing. The land was uniformly fertilized with 180 kg urea, 180 kg triple super phosphate (TSP), 50 kg muriate of potash (MoP) and 120 kg gypsum ha^-1. Total amount of TSP, MoP and gypsum was applied in each plot at the time of final land preparation and the fertilizers were mixed thoroughly with soil by spading. Urea was top dressed in two equal splits. Seeds were sown on 26 November 2015 in line sowing method. Row to row distance and plant to plant distance were 20 cm and 5 cm, respectively. Care was taken to avoid bird damage up to 15 days after sowing (DAS). Weeding was done at 30 and 60 DAS with niri. The crop received two irrigations, one at crown root initiation stage on 29 December 2015 and the other at early booting stage on 1 February 2016. Harvesting and data collection: Harvesting was done when 80% of the plants became mature. Threshing, cleaning and drying were done accordingly. Data on growth parameters, yield and yield components were recorded from the sample plots. The recorded data were statistically analyzed using the “Analysis of Variance" technique and the differences among treatment means were adjudged by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test and Least Significant Difference Test whenever necessary (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.8(1): 1-8, April 2021

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v8i1.53260

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the above results and discussion, it was revealed that the cultivar and seed rate have a significant effect on weed infestation and crop performance of wheat. The dry weight of weeds under cultivar BARI Gom 24 was the lowest (4.18 g m^-2) compared to other cultivars. The lowest weed dry weight was recorded in the seed rate of 120 kg ha^-1 (3.67 g m^-2) and the highest one (6.69 g m^-2) was produced under the seed rate of 80 kg ha^-1. The highest number of the total number of tillers plant^-1 (4.53), effective tillers plant^-1 (4.05), number of grain spike^-1 (19.85) and grain yield (1.56 t ha^-1) were produced in BARI Gom 24. The highest weight of 1000 seed (44.67 g), straw yield (3.31 t ha^-1) and biological yield (4.68 t ha^-1) was produced by BARI Gom 23. BARI Gom 24 produced the highest grain yield (1.56 t ha^-1) which was as good as BARI Gom 22 (1.40 t ha^-1). BARI Gom 24 produced the highest grain yield with a 120 kg seed rate and also a good competitor against weeds. Seed rate was a reliable factor where increasing seed rate reduced the weed dry weight production. However, it might be concluded that the cultivation of BARI Gom 24 @120 kg ha^-1 seeds may be suitable to get the highest yield.

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