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Effects of Dietary Garlic on Cholesterol Metabolism in Laying Hens

S. R. Chowdhury
Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1

S. D. Chowdhury
Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

T. K. Smith
Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential for dietary garlic to influence egg yolk cholesterol concentrations and overall performance in different layer strains. Thirty-six, 28-wk-old, Hisex Brown, Isa Brown, Lohmann, Starcross, Babcock, and Starcross-579 strains (six hens per strain) were fed diets supplemented with 0 (control), 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10% sun-dried garlic paste for 6 wk. There were no differences (P > 0.05) among diets or strains in egg weight, egg mass, feed consumption, feed efficiency, and BW gain as averaged over 6 wk. Yolk weight, however, responded quadratically with increas-ing levels of dietary garlic and differed among strains (P < 0.05). Egg production and yolk weights were significantly higher in the Babcock strain in comparison with other strains. Serum and egg yolk cholesterol concentrations decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of dietary garlic. Serum and egg yolk cholesterol concentrations also differed among different strains (P < 0.05). It was concluded that garlic paste in the diets of laying hens reduced serum and yolk cholesterol concentrations. It was also concluded that dietary garlic paste had no adverse effects on layer performance

Keywords: Sun-dried garlic paste, Cholesterol, Yolk, Serum, Layer strain

Location: BAU Market, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Postharvest and Agro-processing

Commodity: Hen, Garlic

Objectives:

To characterize the hypocholesterolemic effects of high levels of sun-dried garlic paste in the diets of different genetic strains of laying hens.

Methodology:

Thirty-six, 28-wk-old pullets of six different strains (six birds per strain; six birds per diet) were used in the current study. The strains were Hisex Brown, Isa Brown, Loh-mann, Starcross, Babcock, and Starcross-579.2 Hens were caged individually and provided with 14 h of light daily. All birds were fed isoenergetic and isonitrogenous mash diets for 6 wk. The diets were formulated to meet or exceed the nutrient requirements of laying hens (National Research Council, 1994). Diets were supplemented with 0 (control), 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10% sun-dried garlic in paste form. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Locally produced garlic bulbs were purchased from the University Market, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The garlic was harvested in April or May. The age of the bulbs, when dried, was 2 to 4 mo. Fresh garlic bulbs were ground with husk to produce paste. Fresh garlic paste was subsequently thinly spread on a mat in direct sunlight at 30 to 35º C. Drying process was continued for 8 to 10 h to ensure the appropriate consistency of the paste. Diets were prepared the following day and were stored at room temperature for a maximum of 6 wk. Birds were randomly assigned to diets and fed daily. Body weights were measured weekly, and BW gain was recorded. Weekly feed consumption was recorded, and feed efficiency was calculated during the 6-wk experimental period. Daily egg production was recorded. Egg weights were determined weekly, and egg mass was calculated. Eggs were collected weekly from each bird for cholesterol analysis beginning at the 21 d of feeding. Eggs were subsequently hard-boiled to separate the yolk. Cooked yolk weights were recorded individually. Cooked yolk was extracted and subsequently analyzed for cholesterol concentration per yolk basis. Blood was also collected from each bird weekly beginning at the 21 d of feeding from the wing vein using sterilized syringes and needles. Serum was isolated 4 to 6 h after blood collection. Serum samples were maintained at −5 C for up to 2 d until cholesterol analysis. One gram of yolk was placed into a centrifuge tube. Fifteen milliliters of chloroform: methanol (2:1 v/v) was added, blended on a vortex mixture, and allowed to extract for 12 h. Diet lipid was extracted by the same procedure using a 5-g sample with 40 mL of chloroform: methanol. Serum, extracted yolk, and diet samples were analyzed for cholesterol according to the colorimetric method of Abell et al. (1952). Diets were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, and crude fat according to the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1980). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance using the General Linear Models procedure of SAS for a factorial design (two-factor analysis; diet and strain) (Kuehl, 1994; SAS Institute, 2000). Orthogonal polynomial contrasts were used to determine the nature of the response to diets. Differences among strains, when significant, were also ordered using Tukey’s test (Kuehl, 1994). Statements of statistical significance were based on P < 0.05.

Source of Information: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10963284

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.1093/ps/81.12.1856 · Source: PubMed

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The use of sun-dried garlic paste in the current study maximized the possibilities of the presence of active components. Further studies are needed to confirm the active components of garlic and the chemical characteristics of these components. Organoleptic studies are also required to evaluate the effect of dietary garlic paste on color and flavor of eggs. Birrenkott et al. (2000), however, reported no differences in color and flavor in eggs from hens consuming up to 3% dietary garlic powder. It was concluded that supplemental sun-dried garlic paste decreased serum and yolk cholesterol concentrations. Significant differences exist among strains with respect to egg production, yolk weight, and cholesterol concentration. Sun-dried dietary garlic paste up to 8% can be used as a hypocholesterolemic agent in practical layer diets.

Knowledge Management: Journal