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Efficacy of Neem (azadirachtaindica) Leaf Meal (nlm) Used Alone or in Combination with Probiotic in the Diet of Broiler Chicks

Md. Anwarul Haque Beg
Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Zahir Uddin Rubel
Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Aftabuzzaman
Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Toufik Ahmed Nahid
Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Maksuda Begum
Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present work aimed at studying growth performance, carcass traits and health status in broiler chicken fed on dietary Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf Meal (NLM) over a period of 4 weeks. Day old broiler chicks (180) were randomly assigned to six treatment groups, each with 3 replicates (10). The last treatment was designated as control (T6) in which no supplement was added to the feed, on the other hand T5 named as antibiotic group which contain antibiotic supplement with feed, while in treatments T1, T2 and T3, T4 NLP was provided as 1.0%,1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5% of feed, respectively. All the data were analyzed statistically at 5% level of significance. The results revealed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in feed intake (2101 g and 2104 g) at 4 weeks in T3 and T4 group bird, but produced live weight (1708 g and 1712 g) which had no significant (P>0.05) difference with birds consumed highest amount of feed. The significantly (P<0.05) highest hemoglobin (16.33 gm/dl) was in 2.0% NLM broiler chicken than other Neem, control and antibiotic groups. No significant (P>0.05) difference was found in glucose and cholesterol for any treatment groups of broiler chicken, but significantly lowest (P<0.05) uric acid was observed in 1.50% NLM treated group than antibiotic group. The NLM treated groups broiler chicken showed no significant (P>0.05) difference in Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes and Eosinophils counts comparing with antibiotic and control groups. Neem treated groups showed significantly (P<0.05) higher liver weight (43.67 g to 46.67 g) than the antibiotic group (31.0 g). Spleen weights were not affected (P>0.05) by any treatments. The highest (P<0.05) viable bacteria was found in the control group (163 x 104 ) than antibiotic (33 x 104 ) and Neem treated groups. But, Neem and antibiotic-treated groups showed no significant (P>0.05) difference among them. The results of the study demonstrate the beneficial effects of supplementing NLM on body weight gain and dressed yield in the treated groups in broiler chicken. NLM is, therefore, suggested to be used as an alternative of antibiotics on broiler chicken ration for higher profitability

Keywords: Neem, Hematological, Biochemical properties, Chicken, Antibiotics

Location: In Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Neem, Broiler chick

Objectives:

The objective of the study was * To investigate the efficacy of Neem supplemented diets on general performance index * To determine some hematological and biochemical properties of broiler chicken by feeding Neem leaves as an alternative to antibiotics.

Methodology:

Experiment Site: The experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Poultry Farm, Dhaka. The broiler rearing period was for 28 days and it was in the month of May- June 2017. Experimental Deign: A total of 180 day-old Cobb broiler chicks were purchased from a commercial hatchery. The chicks were carried to the university poultry early in the morning by university vehicles. They were kept in two electric brooders equally for one week by maintaining standard brooding protocol. In one brooder 1.0% (minimum dose of the treatments) Neem leaf meal (NLM) were supplied and another brooder with no Neem leaf meal (NLM). After one week 120 chicks were selected from NLM treated brooders and distributed randomly in four dietary treatments of NLM; another 60 chicks were selected from non NLM treated brooder and distributed randomly in one treatment for antibiotic and another treatment for control. Each treatment had three replications with 10 birds in each. So, the total numbers of treatments were six and replications were eighteen. T1: 1.0% of Neem leaf meal (1.0 kg NLM/100 kg of the feed) T2: 1.5.0% of Neem leaf meal (1.5 kg NLM/100 kg of the feed) T3: 2.0 % of Neem leaf meal (2.0 kg NLM/ 100 kg of the feed) T4: 2.5 % of Neem leaf meal (2.5 kg NLM/ 100 kg of the feed) T5: Basal Diets + Oxytetracycline T6: Basal Diets/ Control Starter and grower commercial Kazi broiler feed were purchased from the market. Starter diet was enriched with minimum 21.0% protein, 6.0% fat, 5.0% fiber, 8.0% ash and the amino acids contents were lysine 1.20%, methionine 0.49%, cystine 0.40%, tryptophan 0.19%, threonine 0.79% and arginine 1.26%. Grower ration was enriched with minimum 19.0% protein, 6.0% fat, 5.0% fiber, 8.0% ash and the amino acids contents were lysine 1.10%, methionine 0.47%, cystine 0.39%, tryptophan 0.18%, threonine 0.75% and arginine 1.18%. Feed were supplied 4 times daily by following Cobb 500 Management Manual and ad libitum drinking water 2 times daily. Analysis of Neem leaf Meal: Azadirachtin content in the neem leaves, seeds, kernels and hull was determined after its extraction, purification and analysis. Azadirachtin was extracted in a batch reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer from 80 g of crushed seeds with a volume of 400 mL of methanol 4 hours (in three successive extractions). The methanolic extract was defatted using hexane and the azadirachtin was extracted with dichloromethane. These operations were performed 3 times. The dichloromethane extract was dry concentrated in a rotary evaporator at 35°C. The solid was taken up in acetonitrile and filtered with a PTFE filter of 0.22 µm. The analysis was performed whit a Dionex type Ultimate 3000 HPLC equipped with a C18 column (100 × 3 mm 3 Omnispher C18), maintained at 30°C and a UV-visible detector (λ = 215 nm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile/water at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The injection volume was 20 µL. The mobile phase flow rate gradient programming was: 20% acetonitrile from 0 to 5 min, increased from 20 to 65% acetonirile from 5 to15 min and maintained at 65% for 5 min more. 2.4 The Measured Parameters Parameters which were taken to determine the production performances were feed consumption, final live weight, feed conversion ratio, dressing percent and mortality. The hematological parameters were blood glucose, hemoglobin, cholesterol, uric acid and counts of leukocytes. Liver and spleen weight were taken for immunological study. The caecal contents were collected to analyze microbial load of gut health. During collection of all samples, standard methods were followed as described by Lamberg and Rothstein to find out our desired data. Statistical Analysis: MSTAT-C computer package program was used for data analysis. Data were analyzed in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD 1 factor) for ANOVA table. Where analysis of variance indicated significant treatment effects, the means were separated using Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test as described by Steel and Torrie. The least significant difference (LSD) was used to separate treatment means at 5% significance level. Excel Program was practiced for preliminary data calculation.

Source of Information: Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences; 2(4): 1-10, 2018; Article no.AJRAVS.47125

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.9734/AJRAVS/2018/v2i430029

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Analyzing the above research findings the production performance, carcass traits hematological parameter, weight of lymphatic organ and microbial load in feaces sample 1.5% Neem leaf meal was very effective. So Neem leaf meal could be used as an alternative of antibiotics on broiler ration. The study therefore recommends conducting field trial on commercial poultry farm to fix up inclusion level of Neem leaf meal.

Knowledge Management: Journal