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The Nutritional Value of Khesari (lathyrussativus) for Growing and Laying Pullets

Sachchidananda D. Chowdhury
Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Zeenat Sultana
Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Musabbir Ahammed
Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Bishan L. Chowdhury
Department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Shubash C. Das
Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-4-4, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan

Bimol C. Roy
Division of Animal and Marine Bioresource Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University Hakozaki, Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The nutritional value of khesari (Lathyrus sativus), a grain legume, was determined for growing and laying pullets. Chemical analyses indicated khesari to be high in crude protein (283 g/kg) and low in fat (12.0 g/kg) with estimated true metabolizable energy concentration of 12.0 MJ/kg. Four hundred Shaver 579 brown pullets belonging to same source were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments with 100 pullets each. Least-cost isocaloric and an isonitrogenous diet containing raw khesari at 0, 100, 150 or 200 g/kg were formulated and fed to grower and pullet developer birds separately during 12-18 weeks and 19-22, weeks respectively. This was followed by feeding layer diets during , 23-24 weeks of age. The performance of grower chicks during 12-18 wks of age showed no significant effect on body weight gain and FCR but feed intake increased linearly (P<0.05/) and differed significantly when the dietary level of raw khesari was 200 g/kg. On the other hand, during 19-22 weeks, the birds showed increased body weight gain and feed intake and improved FCR (P<0.01) when they consumed the highest level of khesari (200 g/kg). Layer performance in terms of egg production, egg mass and FCR were declined as the dietary levels of khesari was increased showinga clear-cut linear effect. It was concluded from the study that khesari supported growth performance in pullets either similar to or better than the control birds at the levels tested and that it is well tolerable for layers up to 150 g/kg dietary level without experiencing any remarkable deleterious effects. Khesari did not show any symptoms typical to lathyrism in both grower and layer birds at the levels tested.

Keywords: Growth performance, Khesari, Lathyrism, Layer performance, ODAP

Location: Local market at Mymensingh district, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Pulses, Nutrition

Objectives:

To evaluate the feeding potentiality of raw khesari as a source of protein and energy for grower and layer pullets at dietary levels lower than previous studies

Methodology:

Source, Treatment and Characteristics of Khesari: Raw khesari with acceptable colour and flavour was purchased from a local market at Mymensingh district and subsequently sun-dried. It was ground before the preparation of experimental diets. The particle size of ground khesari samples were 2 to 4 mm. Chemical Analyses Samples of ground khasari were subjected to chemical analysis for the determination of proximate components following (AOAC, 1995). Starch content of khesari was determined by the method of Lane and Eynon (1923). Calcium, total phosphorus content and amino acid concentrations were derived from Latif et al. (1976). ODAP content of khesari was determined by following the method of Rao (1978) as modified by Hussain et al. (1994). Experimental Protocol: The research work was conducted in two phases. The chick experiment was the first phase and the layer experiment was the second phase. Chick Experiment Sixteen separate pens of equal size (2.74m x 1.52m) in two rooms of a laying shed were made by using wire net and bamboo materials. All pens were prepared by proper cleaning and disinfection with phenyl solution and then dried and left empty for two days. Fresh and dry sawdust litter was spread over the floor at 3 cm depth. Before placing the birds, two linear feeders and round drinkers were provided for each pen. Four hundred Shaver 579 pullets belonging to the same source (Bangladesh Agricultural University Poultry Farm) and same hatch were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatment groups with100 pullets each. Four diets were formulated to contain 0, 100, 150 and 200 g of khesari per kg mixed feed. Each treatment had 4 replications of 25 birds. The experiment was conducted with growing pullets of 12 weeks old and continued up to 22 weeks of age. The birds were reared under a natural lighting regimen of 12, hours daily up to 15 weeks then it was increased 1 hour per week until 16 hours daily including artificial lighting. The pullets were fed in 2 phases, growing phase (12-18 weeks) and pullet developer phase (19-22 weeks). The duration of this feeding trial was 11 weeks. Layer Experiment: The birds that received khesari diets during chick experiment were switched over to layer experiment. The number of birds, dietary treatments and replications were similar to chick experiment but the nutrient concentrations were those for layer diets. Before the commencement of the experiment, one round feed trough was provided for each replicate group of birds. The round feed troughs were hanged at a height of birds back level when standing. One community-type wooden nest box was provided in each replication having five small nests. Sawdust was used as nesting materials. A +0 hours light and 2 hours dark photoperiod was followed for laying pullets. The experiment was conducted from 23 weeks to 34 weeks of age that made the duration of this feeding trial as 12 weeks. Diet Formulation: Diets were prepared by using available feed ingredients from local sources. All dietary formulations were made by using “UNIMIX” software for linear programming performed at Roslin Institute, Edinburgh, UK. The diets were formulated to meet or exceed the minimum nutrient requirements suggested by original breeder. Following grinding, the required amount of all feed ingredients was mixed and vitamin-mineral premix and other micronutrients were added properly to the whole feed and well mixed. The initial body weights of all replications were noted and weekly body weight and feed consumption were recorded throughout the experiment. The chick performance data on weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion (FCR) and survivability were calculated from the records of body weight, feed consumption and mortality respectively. The age at sexual maturity was also noted. The performance of laying pullets was measured in terms of body weight, hen-day egg production (HDEP), egg weight, FCR, egg mass and livability. Data on performance response of birds with increasing concentration of khesari in the diet were subjected to polynomial analysis employing SAS statistical procedure (SAS, +331). Where required, means were separated by least significant di#erence (lsd). Statements of statistical significance were based on P<0.05.

Source of Information: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250130297

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.42.308

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It appears from the results of the current study that khesari may be considered as a source of protein and energy in the diet of commercial layer chicks and that such ingredient at raw state may be incorporated in the diets of growing and developing pullets up to 200 g/kg level without experiencing any deleterious effects on growth performance. In the case of laying pullets, the inclusion level in the diet may be up to 150 g/kg, which seems to be well tolerable and may exert effects similar to control although there remains a possibility of having linear decrease in egg production. The next logical step would be to examine the effects of heat-treated khesari on growth and productive performance of laying pullets. In addition, it would be interesting to investigate the mechanism as to how the reproductive activity is influenced by high inclusion level of khesari and whether or not the toxic component accumulates in the egg in such a situation

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