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Comparative Study on the Productivity and Profitability of Commercial Broiler, Cockerel of a Layer Strain and Cross-bred (rir ♂ × Fayoumi ♀) Chicks

P. K. Sarkar
Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

S. D. Chowdhury
Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. H. Kabir
Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

P. K. Sarker
Instructor (Poultry Rearing and Farming), Hosenabad Technical School and College, Daulatpur, Kushtia, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted to compare the productivity and profitability of commercial broiler, cockerel and cross-bred (F1 RIR-- × Fayoumi-) chicks up to target body weights of 850, 1000 and 1250g. Two hundred sixteen birds of 3 genotypes each of 72 birds having 18 chicks in each replication were considered. Commercial broiler starter diet was fed to experimental birds ad libitum. Similar care and management were provided to birds of all treatment groups. Commercial broilers attained the target weights of 850, 1000 and 1250g at the age of 21, 24 and 28 days respectively whereas cockerels attained weights close to those targets at 56, 63 and 74 days respectively and in the case of cross-breds, the days were 63, 77 and 90 for those target weights respectively. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was best in broilers, followed by cockerels and cross-bred chicks respectively. The highest mortality (8.3%) was found in cross-bred group when reared up to target weight of 1250g. The mortality of broiler was 1.4% and no bird was died in cockerel group. Broiler was most profitable (21.11 Tk/kg live bird) at the target weight of 1250g whereas profit from cockerel varied little (21.78, 21.07 and 21.63 Tk/kg live bird against the target weights of 850, 1000 and 1250g respectively) amoung target weights. Therefore, appropriate weight to market these birds was at 850g to minimize the risk of diseases and other management works. Marketing of cross-bred chicks was most profitable (8.43 Tk/kg live bird) at 850g target weight and loss was incurred when rearing was continued up to 1250g. On the basis of results of productivity, it was concluded that commercial broiler, cockerel and cross-bred chicks could be reared upto 28, 56 and 63 days respectively to reach target weights close to 1250, 850 and 850g respectively to obtain maximum profit.

Keywords: Broiler, Cockerel, Cross-bred, Productivity, Profitability

Location: The Hatchery of Bangladesh Agricultural University Poultry Farm, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Social status, Profitability

Objectives:

To compare the growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, livability, comparative cost, return and profitability among commercial broiler, cockerel and cross-bred (RIR ? × Fayoumi ?) chicks in different weight groups.

Methodology:

Experimental birds and their source: Rhode Island Red (RIR) male and Fayoumi female chickens at the ratio of 1:6 were reared, crossed and hatching eggs were incubated in the Hatchery of Bangladesh Agricultural University Poultry Farm, Mymensingh to obtain day-old cross-bred (Sonali) chicks. Seventy two cross-bred chicks of uniform size were selected. Seventy two, each of Shaver 579 day- old cockerels and Cobb 500 day-old commercial broilers were procured from the hatchery of Index group, Rajendrapur, Gazipur. Initial care, feeding and watering of birds: The chicks were supplied with 5% glucose solution on arrival in the experimental shed to overcome transportation stress. For the first three days, broiler starter (CP 23.1%, CF 5.9%, EE 4.4% and Ash 6.1%) of Aftab Feed Mill (Aftab Bahumukhi Farms Limited, Bhagalpur, Bajitpur, Kishoregonj) was supplied on clean newspaper in the form of crumble and then on trays up to one week. After one week, broiler starter feed (CP 24.8%, CF 5.5%, EE 4.3% and Ash 5.9%) of Nourish Poultry and Hatchery Limited was supplied to round feeders throughout the production period. All birds were fed and watered ad libitum. Multi-vitamin premix (Megavit WS; Novartis Animal Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh) was supplied through drinking water to each group of birds. Moreover, vitamin C was given through drinking water to all birds when the environmental temperature went above 30^oC. Feed and water were supplied three times per day during the 1st week and then twice daily up to the end of the production period. Brooding and lighting: A 100 watt bulb was hung in each experimental pen for brooding the birds. The room temperature was 29-34^oC during the first week. After first week, the environmental temperature increased excessively and it was 30-39^oC up to 3rd week. So, no extra heat was required for the chicks. During the first and second week, 24 hours lighting was confirmed and it was decreased at the rate of one hour in each subsequent week up to target weights set up for each genotype. Vaccination: All birds were vaccinated against Ranikhet disease only. Baby Chick Ranikhet Disease Vaccine (BCRDV) was administrated one drop in each eye at 4th and 25th days of chicken. Broilers were administrated vaccine at 4th day only and no further vaccines were given due to early achievement of target weight (28 days of rearing). Biosecurity measures: Adequate hygienic measures and appropriate sanitation programmes were carried out during the experimental period. The experimental area was restricted by making fences and was kept open only to researcher, supervisor and workers related to the experiment by following special care. Before entrance into the experimental shed, special hygienic and sanitary measures were taken to avoid the entrance of diseases and germs from outside. Hands and feet were washed with soap; feet were dipped in a water bath containing disinfectant and clean apron was worn as a part of hygienic measurement. Hygienic management of feeding, watering, vaccination programs and litter management were taken during the experimental period. Disinfectants (Virkon®S; Antec Internatinal, England, U.K.); and bleaching powder) were regularly sprayed on the road and surroundings of the experimental shed to prevent disease outbreak and kerosene was spread carefully to control ant. Growth target, record keeping and statistical analyses: Growth targets for each genotype of birds were fixed at 850, 1000 and 1250g depending on market demand. Weekly body weight and feed intake and the days when birds reached weights close to targets (850, 1000 and 1250g) were recorded. Body weight gain, feed consumption and FCR were calculated. The growth rate, feed consumption and expenses and returns were statistically analyzed by using “MSTAT” statistical programme in a completely randomized design involving 3 treatments (commercial broiler, cockerel and cross-bred) each of 4 replications by computing analysis of variance (ANOVA). Treatment means for each parameter were compared using least significant difference (LSD) test.

Source of Information: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266227381; Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2008, 37(2) : 89 - 98 ISSN 0003-3588

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.3329/bjas.v37i2.9886

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

On the basis of results of productivity, it was concluded that commercial broiler, cockerel and cross-bred chicks could be reared upto 28, 56 and 63 days respectively to reach target weights close to 1250, 850 and 850g respectively to obtain maximum profit. Future research works to generate more information on these genotypes of birds may be useful for small farmers. Since the current study was conducted in farm condition, a study of this nature under field condition would be helpful. Year round profitability of commercial broiler, cockerel and cross-bred (F1 RIR - × Fayoumi -) yet to be determined independently so that small farmers can be suggested to select the right type of bird to rear up to right target weight throughout the year. In addition, differences in the quality of meat such as texture, tenderness, juiciness etc resulting from variation in genotypes may be investigated.

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