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Phytomonitoring of Brick Kiln Induced Air Pollution at Konabari of Bangladesh

Tanmoy Roy Tusher*
Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh

Shilpi Akter
Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh

Zisan Ashraf
Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh

Md. Humayun Kabir
Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh

Md. Nurealam Siddiqui
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted to assess the effects of brick kiln induced air pollution on the surrounding vegetation as a function of distance at Baghiya of Konabari union in Gazipur district of Bangladesh. Four samples of two indigenous (Mangifera indica and Artocarpus heterophyllus) and two exotic (Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Acacia auriculacformis) plant species, mostly common in the study area, were collected from three sampling stations (southwest of brick kilns following the prevailing wind) which were 200m away from each other to analyze total chlorophyll, Na+ , K+ , K+ /Na+ ratio, total sugar and proline contents. The study observed that a reduction in total chlorophyll, Na+ and total sugar contents in the leaf samples of all sampled plant species at SS-1 (near source station) when compared to the samples at SS-3 (distant station). The study found that indigenous plant species were more sensitive in case of the total chlorophyll content, whereas exotic plant species were more sensitive in case of total sugar content. At SS-1, the lower value of K+ content and higher value of K+ /Na+ ratio were found in all plant species than at SS-3 except E. camaldulensis and A. auriculacformis, respectively. The lower level of proline content was observed in M. indica (240.00 µg/g) and A. heterophyllus (249.05 µg/g) at SS-1, whereas the higher level of proline content was found in E. camaldulensis (388.00 µg/g) and A. auriculacformis (354.09 µg/g) at SS-1 when compared to SS-3 which indicated that the more sensitivity of indigenous plant species to air pollution than exotic plant species. Monitoring of existing kilns and strictly following brick kiln related rules and regulations in installing new kilns is, thus, necessary for minimizing the impacts of air pollution in the study area.

Keywords: Phytomonitoring, Brick kiln, Air pollution, Indigenous, Exotic species.

Location: At Baghiya of Konabari union in Gazipur district of Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Non-commodity: Pollution

Objectives:

The study was performed to assess the effects of brick kiln induced air pollution on the physiological parameters (total chlorophyll, Na+, K +, K + /Na+ ratio, total sugar, and proline contents) of surrounding vegetation in the downwind areas as a function of distance.

Methodology:

Study area The study was conducted at Baghiya of Konabari union in Gazipur sadar upazila which was approximately at the latitude 24º01'40.00'' N and longitude 90º20'05.05'' E. The elevation of the study area was approximately 10 m (Banglapedia, 2013). The study area is a part of the largest brick kiln cluster of Bangladesh located in Gazipur where approximately 320 kilns are in operation, each consisting of 200-300 daily wage workers per kiln (GEF-UNDP, 2006; WB, 2007). A total of three stations were taken as sampling stations around the brick kiln area. Station 1 (SS-1) was located nearby to the kiln periphery. The rest of the stations (SS-2 and SS-3) were taken as a function of distance i.e. going downwind (southwest) from the stations 1, and were approximately 200 m away from each other. The SS-1 was considered as near-source station, whereas SS-2 and SS-3 were considered as a distant station.

Sample collection From three sampling stations, four common plant species including two indigenous (Mangifera indica and Artocarpus heterophyllus) and two exotic (Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Acacia auriculacformis) species were selected and sampled considering matured leaves from each matured tree species during the month of February 2015. Samples were placed in sealed polythene bags and lebeled including date of collection, location and code number of leaf sample. The details of plant leaf samples with their corresponding sampling stations are given in Table 1.

Sample analysis For the analysis of leaf physiological parameters, the samples were carried to the laboratory of the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh. The collected plant leaf samples were analyzed to determine the total chlorophyll, Na+ , K+ , K+ /Na+ ratio, total sugar and proline contents. The total chlorophyll content was determined by SPAD value (Model: MINOLTA, CHLOROPHYLL METER, SPAD-502, JAPAN). The Na+ and K+ contents were analyzed by EKO flame Photometer (Model FP-3B). The total sugar content was determined colorimetrically by the anthrone method (Jayaraman, 1981). The proline content was determined according to the method developed by Bates et al. (1973).

Data analysis: The data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0) and Microsoft Office Excel 2010. For statistical treatment of data, independent samples t-test was performed to compare the effects of brick kiln induced air pollution on plant samples as a function of distance.

Source of Information: Malaysia Journal of Science 37 (1): 50 – 69 (2018)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol37no1.4

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is clear that the effects of brick kilns induced air pollutants can cause severe physiological changes in plant communities located at downwind locations. The study found that a reduction in total chlorophyll, Na+ , K+ (except Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and total sugar contents were observed for all plant species at the brick kiln periphery. Lower proline content was observed at kiln periphery in indigenous species, but higher in exotic species. Thus, the study concluded that in the case of most of the physiological parameters of indigenous plant species were more sensitive especially at near distance station (brick kiln periphery) than exotic plant species. In such conditions, monitoring of existing kilns and installation of eco-friendly brick kiln maintaining the updated rules and regulations is necessarily important for minimizing the impacts of air pollution in the studied area.

Knowledge Management: Journal