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Infrared Spectroscopy Study of the Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Artocarpus Heterophyllus and Litchi Chinensis

Saifuddin AHM
Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh

Ruhul Mahbub BD
Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh

Sharmin Akter Mst
Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh

Jannatul Ferdous
Department of Pharmacy, Commilla University, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A phytochemical study has been conducted using infrared spectroscopy to distinguish different chemical moieties present in leaves of Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jack fruit) and Litchi chinensis (Litchi). Both of these trees are widely known in the world and have various pharmacological activities. However, both leaf extracts were analyzed using FTIR and interpreted from the obtained spectrum. Both leaves are supposed to have –OH, -NH2 groups as they give a wide peak in higher region wavelength (3400- 3200cm1 ). Meta-substituted aromatic ring and imides may be present in litchi leaf extract as peaks were found in 850-700 cm-1 and near 1700cm-1 respectively, but not in jackfruit leaf. While phenol group is present in the spectrum of jackfruit leaf extract only. Asymmetric methyl group is present in both leaf extract as gives absorption in the 2957-2851cm-1 region.

Keywords: Phytochemical study; Leaf extracts; FTIR; Spectrum; Asymmetric methyl group

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Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Medicinal Plants

Objectives:

Litchi or lychee, a fruit with a rough brown pericarp surrounding a white flesh (aril), is popular for its delicious taste and possible health benefits Jiang et al. [6]. Various biologically active constituents are present in different parts of lychee (leaves, flower, fruit, pericarp and seed). These compounds are reported to exhibit several pharmacological activities.

Methodology:

Collection of plant material: The jackfruit and litchi leaves were collected from Jahangirnagar University campus, Bangladesh. The leaves were dried and crushed manually with the wooden arrangement and made in powder form. Extraction The plant materials were sun-dried first and then, dried in an oven at reduced temperature (<70⁰C) to make them suitable for grinding. The powdered plant materials were submerged insufficient volume of ethanol in an air-tight flat-bottomed container for seven days, with occasional shaking and stirring. The extracts were then filtered and dried in an electrical water bath. Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded using FTIR spectrophotometer (IR prestige- 21, Shimadzu). The samples (JFL_Extract and Lit_Extract) were previously ground and mixed thoroughly with potassium bromide (an infrared transparent matrix) in a ratio of 1:100. The KBr discs were prepared by compressing the powders at a pressure of 6 tons for 5min in a hydraulic press (Shimadzu, Japan). Twenty-five scans for Artocarpus heterophyllus and thirty-eight scans for Litchi chinensis were obtained at a resolution of 1cm-1, from 4000 to 500cm-1.

Source of Information: MOJ App Bio Biomech 2017, 1(5): 00029

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Achievement/Findings:

From the above discussion and spectrum analysis, it is clear that different functional groups are present in both jack-fruit and litchi leaf. The presence of phenol groups in jackfruit leaf extract emphasizes its antioxidant properties and its use for different therapeutic purposes, e.g., fever, wound healing, skin diseases. Moreover, the substituted aromatic ring structure is present in litchi leaf while absent in jack-fruit leaf as per spectrum analysis. Further study on both of these leaf constituents may help to discover a new molecule for medicinal use.

Knowledge Management: Journal