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Quantification of Carbon Stock and Tree Diversity of Homegardens in Rangpur District, Bangladesh

M. S. Jaman*
Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Hossain M. F.
Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Shariful Islam
Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. G. J. Helal
Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Mahbuba Jamil
Department of Agricultural Extension, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Mizanur Rahman
Remote Sensing Division, Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Home garden systems are suggested to hold a large potential for carbon (C) sequestration, especially for climate change mitigation and adaptation under changing environments. This is due to the multifunctional ecosystem services of home gardens for saving and storing carbon. In this research total above and below ground carbon stock and tree species diversity was quantified in the home garden around four villages of two Upazila of Rangpur district situated in the northern part of Bangladesh. A total 64 home gardens were sampled on size, diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees and tree height. Using allometric equations, mean above and below-ground biomass carbon stocks (AGB+BGB) was found 53.53Mg ha-1. Mean carbon stock per unit area was higher in the small home garden (69.15 Mg ha-1) compared to medium (47.96 Mg ha-1) and large (39.93 Mg ha-1) home garden respectively. In total 1671 trees were sampled and 32 different tree species were identified and recorded. The Shannon Wiener index was used to evaluate the tree diversity per home garden and it ranged from 1.00 to 2.2 with a mean value of 1.64. These results imply that a home garden can serve as an important ecological tool in terms of carbon sequestration and conservation of tree species diversity. However, a specific home garden management plan is necessary for increased carbon sequestration potentiality and conservation of species diversity should be encouraged for further investigation in this region.

Keywords: Homegarden, Carbon sequestration, Species diversity

Location: Four villages (Manoharpur, Radhakrishnopur, Basantopur and Nandanpur) of two Upazilas (administrative unite) in Rangpur district.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Conservation and Biodiversity

Non-commodity: Carbon sequestration

Objectives:

This study focused on assessing the amount of biomass carbon (Above and Below Ground) and tree diversity around the home gardens of four selected village in the Rangpur district.

Methodology:

2.1. Location of the Study Area The study was conducted at four villages (Manoharpur, Radhakrishnopur, Basantopur and Nandanpur) of two upazilas (administrative unite) in Rangpur district, located in the northern part of Bangladesh. The area covers 2370.45 sq km, which is in between 25°18' to 25°57' N latitudes and 88°56' to 89°32' E longitudes. Among the studied villages 1st two are in Rangpur Sadar Upazila and the rest two belonging to Badarganj Upazila. An area of 330.33 km² from 25°39' to 25°50' N latitudes and 89°05' to 89°20' E longitudes belongs to Rangpur Sadar Upazila. Whereas Badarganj Upazila occupies an area of 301.29 km2 and located between 25°32' to 25°46' N latitudes and 88°56' to 89°10' E longitudes. The experimental site can be defined as a tropical wet and dry climate. The climate is generally marked with the monsoon, high temperature, considerable humidity and heavy rainfall. The hot season commences early in April and continues till July. The maximum mean temperature observed is about 32 to 36°C during the months of May, June, July and August and the minimum temperature recorded in January is about 7 to 16°C. The highest rainfall observed during the months of monsoon and is 1378.6 mm with an average annual rainfall is about 1587 mm. The soil composition of the study area mainly alluvial soil (80%) and the remaining 20% is barind soil. 2.2. Sampling Procedure This study was conducted in the Rangpur district which consists of 8 Upazila. Out of 8 Upazila, 2 Upazila namely Rangpur Sadar and Badarganj was randomly selected. Rangpur Sadar and Badarganj Upazila consists of 12 unions (Lowest unit of local self-government) and 10 unions respectively. Satgara and Rajendropur are the two unions from Rangpur Sadar and Gopalpur union from Badarganj Upazila were randomly selected. Finally, two villages namely Manohorpur and Radhakrishnopur were selected where 1st one from Satgara union and 2nd one from the Rajendrapur union. On the other hand two villages namely Basantopur and Nandanpur were selected from Badarganj Upazila where both of them are from Gopalpur union. There were total 1244 home gardens in four selected villages where the number of home gardens in Manoharpur (120), Radhakrishnopur (231), Basantopur (405) and Nandanpur (488). Out of 1244 home gardens, a sample of 15%, i.e., 186 home gardens was primarily selected to avoid the difficulty of the study. Finally, 64 home gardens from 186 home gardens were randomly selected in order to capture a representative mixture of the size of home gardens which also provides the cost-effective approach to describe two major complementary works (1. Carbon stock computation and 2. Tree diversity assessment). 2.3. Home garden Plot Survey All perennial trees and palms with a diameter at breast height of ≥ 2 cm were identified and recorded to species level or by local name and botanical name. For individual tree species, DBH (Diameter at breast height) was measured by using DBH tape and the height of palm species was measured by 50-meter long measuring tape. For comparison, the home gardens were categorized into three size groups namely small (0.01-0.03 ha), medium (0.03-0.05 ha) and large (> 0.05 ha). An allometric equation developed by Chave et al. (2005) was applied for individual trees for determining the tree biomass [8]. Wood density for every species was collected from secondary data such as FAO list of wood densities for tree species from Tropical Asia and [49], global wood density database. No climbers were counted due to difficulty in differentiating stems. 2.4. Ecological Indices Tree species diversity of the home garden was determined by the Shannon Wiener diversity Index (SWI). Species density (number of species per unit area) was measured by dividing the total number of plant species of a home garden by the total area of that home garden. 2.4.1. Tree Diversity Measurement Tree species diversity was assessed within the fixed boundaries of the sample home gardens acquiring common names that subsequently translated into botanical names. An index was set up based on the number of species and their frequency in home gardens. For this study, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (SWI) was used due to its suitability for evaluating the diversity of tree species. The Shannon–Wiener diversity characterizes the proportion of species abundance in the population being at maximum when all species are equally abundant and the lowest when the sample contained one species. The proportion of species (i) relative to a total number of species (Pi) was calculated and then multiplied by the natural logarithm of the same proportion (Ln Pi).

Source of Information: International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 2016, 6(5): 169-180

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.5923/j.ijaf.20160605.01

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present studied homegardens of Rangpur district represent a wide range of biomass carbon, tree species diversity and species composition which gives comparatively significant result than the homegardens of many different ecological zone. There were differences between small, medium and large homegardens in terms of their plant-stand characteristics such as trees and tree-species density, and overall tree species diversity. Homegardens with higher number of species retained more carbon in their biomass compared to those with lower number. Tree density and tree diversity were found higher in small homegardens. The carbon estimates found here are reflecting the differences in tree density, tree diversity and management practices between individual homegardens. Smaller homegardens hold a higher carbon content and tree diversity than medium and large homegardens. The finding of present study revealed that homegardens should be established by maintaining proper species composition model focusing on diversity of tree species so that it sequesters a substantial amount of carbon and contribute to global climate change.

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