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Morphological Characterization and Simple Sequence Repeats (ssrs) Based DNA Fingerprinting of Selected Mango (mangifera Indica L.) Genotypes in Bangladesh

Md. Rezwan Molla
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Iftekhar Ahmed
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Md. Amjad Hossain
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Md. Shafiqul Islam
Regional Horticulture Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh.

Md. Aziz Zilani Chowdhury
Crops Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Dilruba Shabnam
Department of Agricultural Extension, Plant Quarantine Wing, Narayanganj, Bangladesh.

Md. Motiar Rohman*
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Nineteen genotypes of mango including nine released varieties viz. BARI Aam-1, BARI Aam-2 (Laxmanbhog), BARI Aam-3, BARI Aam- 4 (Hybrid), BARI Aam-5, BARI Aam-6, BARI Aam-7, BARI Aam8, BARI Aam-9; one parental line viz. M- 3896 and nine Geographical Indication Crops (GIs) viz. Haribhanga, Surjapuri, Fazli, Gourmoti, Ashwina, Khirsapat, Gopalbhog, Langra and Ranipasand were characterized with a view to identifying the degree of morphological and molecular variation of mango within genotypes with their historical background their historical background, and to establish a permanent database for documentation of mango in Bangladesh. Wide variations were observed among GI crops and released varieties included in this study for plant, leaf, flower and fruit characters. Among 19 mango genotypes, eight were distinct by two traits and 11 by only single character. Molecular characterization was carried out with SSR markers. Using 21 primers across 19 genotypes a total of 80 alleles with an average number of 3.81 alleles per locus were found of which MIAC-6 and MIAC-11 showed the highest number of alleles (6) (size ranging from 244 to 312 and 133 to 167 bp, respectively). However, the lowest number of allele (2) with size ranging 237 to 366 and 118 to 125 bp was observed in the locus MiSHRS-39 and MIAC-11, respectively. The polymorphic information content (PIC values) ranged from 0.349 to 0.781, with a mean value of 0.602 for all loci. Of the 21 SSR primers, 13 were highly informative (PIC value ≥0.6). The distinct level of heterozygosity indicated higher level of diversity among the genotypes. Band patterns corresponding to individual genotype have been identified to discriminate the genotype. The genotypes presented genetic distances between 0.260 and 1.557. The dendrogram generated from UPGMA cluster analysis broadly placed 19 mango genotypes into two major groups, “A” and “B” in which only one poly-embryonic genotype namely BARI Aam-8 congregated in a distinct group “B” and other 18 mono-embryonic genotypes clustered in group “A”. The dendrogram revealed that Gourmoti and Ashwina were the most similar hybrids with 21% similarity. Contrary to this, hybrids BARI Aam-5 and BARI Aam-8 were the most divergent with a diversity value of 1.56.

Keywords: Geographical Indication Crops (GIs), Historical background, Morphology, Identity.

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Mango

Objectives:

The present study was, therefore, undertaken to identify distinct morphological characteristics along with establish allelic patterns and estimate genetic distances based on microsatellite markers for 19 mango genotypes to generate a reference database to support cultivar protection and settle possible commercial disputes as well as to guide breeding programmes and genetic resources of the species.

Methodology:

Selection of trees for GI released varieties Nineteen genotypes of mango including nine released varieties viz. BARI Aam-1, BARI Aam-2 (Laxambogh), BARI Aam-3, BARI Aam-4 (Hybrid), BARI Aam-5, BARI Aam-6, BARI Aam-7, BARI Aam-8, BARI Aam-9; one parental line viz. M-3896 (Male parent of BARI Aam-4) and nine GIs viz. Haribhanga, Surjapuri, Fazli, Gourmoti, Ashwina (female parent of BARI Aam-4), Khirsapat, Gopalbhog, Langra and Ranipasand were characterized both at morphological and molecular level. Historical background was not recorded in two genotypes viz Gourmoti and Ranipasand. Morphological characterization of seventeen genotypes was done from standing trees. The centre of diversity of most concentrated with experienced fruit of the respective GI was identified through discussion with experienced fruit scientists and Department of Agriculture Extension (DAE) Officials at district and upazila level. A team of scientists, involved in this programme, visited particular geographical locations and located the targeted trees of selected GIs. Then three plants were labeled with laminated paper sheet as plant number 1, 2 and 3 for each GI. For released varieties and parental line, the team visited Regional Horticulture Research Station (RHRS), Chapainawabganj and Fruit and conserved original plant. Discussing with the station heads and working scientific personnel, the original mother tree (s) (OMT) was identified and selected for data collection. In cases where there was only one OMT, daughter mother trees (DMT) were also selected for data collection. Each OMT and DMT was labeled as plant number 1, 2 and 3. The list of mango genotypes used in this study with its data collecting site is Recording historical background Scientists discussed with aged people of the growing areas to find out the historical background of the respective GIs of mango. The team also located some very old trees (≥100 years) as indicated by the nearby people and symptoms on the tree like canopy coverage, trunk circumference, extra-rough trunk surface and galls on trunk etc. Typical plant photographs of Management practices Farmers normally sell their crop as total plantation either in orchard or in homesteads just after harvest of the previous year's fruit. Then entire liability of the plantation goes to the traders. Management practices like pruning, weeding, irrigation and fertilizer and pesticide application etc. were done by the traders. Chemical fertilizers like urea, triple super phosphate (TSP), muriate of potash (MoP), gypsum etc. were applied at different rates. None of the traders used recommended doses of fertilizers. Pesticides as prescribed by the dealers or experienced traders were used indiscriminately even one or two days before harvesting especially for controlling fruit fly. In the research stations application of fertilizers and other cultural practices like ploughing, weeding, irrigation, pruning etc. were done as per recommendation of BARI. Observation, data collection and record keeping The selected trees were visited frequently at different stages of growth, flowering and fruiting. Passport information and morphological data in respect of plant, leaf, flower/inflorescence, fruit and stone characters were recorded following IPGRI descriptors for mango (IPGRI, 2006). The photographs of the specific trait considered to be helpful for identification of the variety/cultivar were taken from each genotype at appropriate time of traits to compare the distinctness among them. Data related to distinctness in morphological traits were photographed on each of the 19 mango genotypes.

Source of Information: Journal of Horticulture and Forestry Vol. 11(7), pp. 104-119, October-December 2019

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.5897/JHF2019.0597

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Historical background of geographical indications of mango as described by aged people of their most concentrate areas of cultivation indicated that the cultivars have been originated naturally in those areas. The cultivars possess high commercial value and are being cultivated widely around their areas of origin. GIs possess some special character, which they might gain from their habitat. Characterization of mango genotypes on the basis of DNA fingerprinting data in combination with morphological traits has become an efficient tool to link phenotypic and genotypic variation. Morphological traits and SSRs have been shown to be highly efficient for genotype identification and provide a positive assessment to the ability of SSR marker to produce distinctive DNA profiles of 19 mango genotypes. The results of the present study could be applied as baseline information to maintain the appropriate identity and the construction of a database of all mango cultivars grown in Bangladesh and in broad sense, to protect the mango germplasm of Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal