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Antifungal Activity of Selected Medicinal Plant Extract on Fusarium Oxysporum Schlechtthe Causal Agent of Fusarium Wilt Disease in Tomato

Farzana Ashrafi Neela*
Department of Botany, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Ismat Ara Sonia
Department of Botany, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Shamim Shamsi
Department of Botany, Dhaka University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The antifungal activity of ethanol and acetone extract of leaves of nine medicinal plants: Piper betel, Lowsonia inermis, Psidium guajava, Carica papaya, Moringa oleifera, Mimosa pudica, Catharanthus roseus, Adhatoda vasica and Andrographis paniculata against Fusarium oxysporum the causal agent of Fusarium wilt in tomato was assessed. All the extracts inhibited mycellial growth at various levels. Among them the superior inhibition (100%) was found in 15% concentration of ethanol extract of Lowsonia inermis and Psidium guajava against Fusarium. In all plant extract there were no significant differences between 20% and 25% concentration, except Piper betel, Carica papaya, Andrographis paniculata and Lawsonia inermis. Analysis of variance results on mycelial growth in different concentration shows that the item was highly significant.

Keywords: Medicinal Plants, Acetone Extract, Ethanol Extract, Inhibitory Effect, Disease Management

Location: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Mycology and Microbiology, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Medicinal Plants, Tomato

Objectives:

In this study, we reported the effectiveness of ethanol and acetone extract of some common medicinal plants in reducing populations of F. oxysporum the causal agent of Fusarium wilt in tomato in vitro.

Methodology:

2.1. Preparation of Fungal Media (Potato Dextrose Agar) The composition of Potato Dextrose is 4 gm/L of potato extract and 20 gm/L of dextrose. For solidification 20 gm/L of agar was added. Final pH of this media is 5.6 ± 0.2 at 25⁰C. These constituents were mixed, autoclaved and poured into Petri plates for solidification. These plates were used for antifungal studies. 2.2. Isolation and Identification of the Pathogen The infected parts of tomato plant were collected in the polythene bags, which were made airtight. Collected materials were labeled properly and then brought to the Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Mycology and Microbiology, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. The pathogen was isolated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. The infected parts of tomato plant were cut into small pieces. The pieces were then washed in running tap water, sterilized in 0.1 percent mercuric chloride solution and washed repeatedly for several times in sterilized distilled water to remove mercuric chloride solution. Three pieces were transferred to PDA plate. Plates were incubated at 25⁰C ± 2⁰C for 15 days for recovery of pathogen. Fusarium oxysporum was purified by single spore method and according to morphological characteristics; identification was done with the help of standard keys. Pathogenicity tests were done on potted tomato plants according to Koch’s postulate. 2.3. Preparation of Plant Materials Fresh leaves of nine medicinal plants were collected from the surrounding areas of Motihar, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Plant specimens were brought to the Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Mycology and Microbiology, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi. These plants were authenticated by Taxonomist Dr. A. H. M. Mahbubur Rahman, Associate Professor, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, and a voucher specimen was deposited at the Herbarium of the Department. Leaves of plants were washed thoroughly under running tap water and soaked in 2% solution of sodium hypochlorite for 20 min, rinsed thoroughly with sterilized distilled water and air dried at room temperature. The dried plant materials were milled. 100 g of each finely ground plant materials were used for extraction in 100 ml of ethanol and acetone solvents, respectively. The solution was kept overnight at room temperature and filtered using filter papers (Whatman filter paper No. 1). 2.4. Effect of Different Concentrations of Extracts on Radial Growth of Fusarium Strain Plant extracts which could suppress the fungal growth were tested for their efficiency against the pathogen by using an agar dilution technique. Five ml of each extract concentration was added with 95 ml of molten PDA. Thus obtained concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% extract to a PDA medium. After the solidification of the medium, 1 cm diameter of mycelia block from 7-day-old colony of F. oxysporum was inoculated in the center of each Petri plate and incubated at ±25?C. The colony diameter of F. oxysporum was measured after 7 days of incubation. Three replicates in a completely randomized design were used within each treatment. The media amended with ethanol and acetone was considered as negative and recommended fungicide sulcox was considered as positive control, respectively. The efficacy of medicinal plant products was expressed and percent of radial mycelial growth over the control which was calculated by using the following formula: Inhibition (%) = [(C − T)/C] × 100 where, C and T represent the diameter of control and treated colony, respectively. Data on mycelial growth at 3, 6, 9 and 12 days after inoculation (DAI) were recorded. To avoid bacterial contamination 0.5 g of antibacterial streptomycin was added to 1 L of PDA medium. 2.5. Statistical Analysis The effect of ethanol and acetone extract of plants at different concentrations on the radial growth of F. oxysporum evaluated by a one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Mean differences between treatments or concentration levels of the plant extracts were separated by Fisher’s test significant difference (LSD) at 5% significant probability level. The ANOVA was computation by R programming language.

Source of Information: American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2014, 5, 2665-2671

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2014.518281

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In conclusion, the present study laboratory screening of plant extracts has given encouraging results, indicating their potential use in the management of Fusarium wilt in tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Further field trial and photochemical analysis of the active compounds of those plants would give a strong antifungal activity comparable to synthetic fungicides. The plant materials used in this study are abundant and commonly found in Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

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