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Assessment of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Association in Some Fruit and Spices Plants (2017-2018)

M. A. H. Bhuiyan
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

M. Rahman
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

M .F. A. Anik
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

F. Alam
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

M.E. Ali
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Rhizosphere soils with fine roots of some fruits and spices plants were collected from Regional Horticultural Research Station, Norsingdi during 2017-2018 for assessing AM spore population and determining colonization (%) in their roots. The spore numbers of 100 gram rhizosphere soil were recorded ranging from 47.7 (Kathal) to a maximum of 112.0 (Amlaki and Arboroy). A considerable variation was observed in average spore numbers recorded in different friut and spices plants. All the fruit plants showed similar percentages of root colonization by AM fungi. Among the fruit and spices plants, the highest root colonization (30.0%) was found in Lotkon and lower colonization (20.0%) was found in all other plants.

Keywords: Fruit plants, Rhizosphere soils, Suitable inoculum, Crops

Location: Regional Horticultural Research Station, Norsingdi, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-12-2017

End Date: 00-00-2018

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fruit, Soil Physical Properties

Objectives:

To know the percent root colonization of fruit plants and the number of AM spores in the rhizosphere soils for producing suitable inoculum for future use in different crops.

Methodology:

Rhizosphere soils of some fruit and spices plants from Regional Horticultural Agricultural Research Station, Norsingdi were collected during 2017-2018 for the assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal association. Rhizosphere soils with thin root were collected from the plants. List of plants considered for the study have been presented.

Assessment of spore population density: Assessment of spore population was done by following the Wet Sieving and Decanting Method (Gerdemann and Nicolson, 1963). Soil samples from the rhizosphere of the respective plant species were mixed thoroughly by breaking up any large lumps. Any large unwanted particles such as stone, roots, twigs etc. were removed when done this process. Then 100 g of mixed soil was kept in a bucket (8 litres) and filled three quarters with tap water. The soil with water was agitated by stirring vigorously by hand and washed into the bucket and left to settle for one minute. The suspension was sieved by following the wet sieving and decanting method (Gerdemann and Nicolson, 1963). Two sieves (400 mm and 100 mm mesh) were used throughout the experiment. The supernatant was poured through a 100 mm sieve into the second bucked (10 litres) to avoid the loss of useful materials. After allowing the suspension to settle for one minute, the supernatant was decanted into the 400 mm sieve. This time water was discarded and the material was back washed from the sieve into a beaker (250 mL) with a small quantity of water. The solution with spores was distributed in 4 equal size test tubes evenly and balanced up the tubes with water for equal weight. The tubes were plugged properly and then centrifuged for 4 minutes at 3,000 rpm. The supernatant was poured in test tubes and the test tubes were filled with sucrose solution and stirred vigorously with the round-ended spatula to re-suspend the precipitate. The test tubes were balanced properly to equal weight and they were plugged. Then the plugged test tubes were centrifuged for 15 seconds at 3,000 rpm. After centrifuge, the sucrose supernatant was poured through a 400 mm sieve and rapidly washed with water to remove the sucrose from AM spores by back washing the materials from the sieve into watch glass for observation.

Counting of AM spores: All the AM spores were isolated from the extract with the help of a fine forceps into a watch glass with small quantity of water. The extract, with AM spores, was observed under a stereomicroscope and the number of spores was counted. Spore numbers from the three replicates per samples were averaged and the result was expressed as a number per 100 g of dry soil basis.

Assessment of root colonization infection: The percentage of AM infection was estimated by root slide technique (Read et al., 1976). One hundred root segments were examined for each sample. The stained root pieces were mounted in acidic glycerol on slides and the cover slip was placed and slightly pressed. The roots were observed under microscope. A root segment was considered as positively infected, if it showed mycelium, vesicles and arbuscules or any other combination of these structural characteristics of AM infection. The presence or absence of infection in the root pieces was recorded and the percent infection was calculated as follows: % root colonization = {(Number of AM positive segments) /(Total number of segments scored) x 100.

Methods of chemical analysis: Soil pH was measured by a combined glass calomel electrode (Jackson, 1958). Organic carbon was determined by wet oxidation method (Walkley and Black). Total N was determined by modified Kjeldahl method. Calcium, K and Mg were determined by NH₄O Ac extraction method. Copper, Fe, Mn and Zn were determined by DTPA extraction followed by AAS reading. Boron was determined by CaCl₂ extraction method. Phosphorus was determined by Bray and Kurtz method. Sulphur was determined by CaH₄(PO₄)₂.H₂O extraction followed by turbidimetric turbidity method with BaCl_2.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2017-2018, Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Arbuscular mycorrhizal spores were assessed from different fruit plants in 2017-2018 (Table 3). The highest spore number (112.0 100 g^-1 soil) was obtained from the rhizosphere soil of Amlaky and Arboroy, and the lowest spore number (47.7 100 g^-1 soil) was obtained from Kathal. Jalpai, Jambura, Lebu, Lithu, Lotkon recorded 90 to 100 spores 100 g^-1 rhizosphere soil. Only 3 fruit plants Amlaki, Arboroy and Lithu gave more than 100 spores. There were wide variations in shape, size and colour of spores. Different shape and sizes of spore like round, oval, spherical etc. were found among the rhizosphere soils of different fruit plants. In case of colours, like deep brown, light brown. radish, black, etc. were recorded in rhizosphere soils of different fruit and spices plants.

In the present study, the spore density in the rhizosphere soil varied in different fruit plants which were supported by Howeler et al. (1987) who reported that the intensity of spore density varied on different factors like plant species and genera and nature of rhizosphere soil. Bhuiyan et al. (2013, 2014, 2015) also found that variation in spore density in the rhizosphere soil of different fruit and spices plants at Ramgarh, Khagrachari, Raikhali, Jointapur, Jessore, Rangpur, Rajshahi was observed. Moreover, higher spore population was observed in some fruit plants. The stimulating effects of organic matter, comparatively high level of N and P might have created a favourable condition for maximum sporulation of AM fungi in that particular field.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings