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Effect of Biotic and Abiotic Factors on Quality of Stored Okra Seed

S Bilkis
Assistant Registrar
Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

M F Ahmed
Assistant Director
Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Okra (Abelmoschuse sculentusL. Moench) is an important and famous vegetable of Bangladesh grown commonly in the kharif season. An experiment was conducted at the Seed Pathology Center (SPC), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the period from 12 May to 10 July 2015 to evaluate the effect of biotic and abiotic factors on quality of okra seed for 60 days in three types of packing materials (Tin pot, Poly bag and Gunny bag). Okra seeds were stored in tin pot, poly bag and gunny bag with initial moisture of 14.0%, 14.6% and 15.3%, respectively in ambient condition for 60 days of storage. Moisture content of the seeds of tin pot was found increased significantly to 14.0% from initial moisture content 14.8%. Seed moisture content of poly bag and gunny bag, also increased from initial moisture content 14.6 to 15.6% and 15.3 to 17.3%. This increase of seed moisture content was closely related to room temperature and relative humidity. The rate of seed deterioration in gunny bag and poly bag paralleled the level of invasion by storage fungi and insect. Rhizopuss pp. was found 7.9 and 6.1% in the seeds of Gunny bag and poly bag and it was 5.4% in tin pot followed by prevalent of Penicilliumspp. During storage period the okra seeds were infected by mite. Infestation was found higher in the seeds of gunny bag and poly bag (40% and 21%) and lower in the seeds of tin pot (12%). The present results revealed that the storage of okra seed in tin pot is better than jute and poly bag.

Keywords: Okra seed, Biotic, Abiotic, Storage, Polybag, Gunny bag, Tin pot, Moisture

Location: Seed Pathology Centre, BAU Mymensingh

Start Date: 12-05-2015

End Date: 10-07-2015

Program Area: Seed Technology

Commodity: Okra

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to (a) determine the effect of storage condition for quality seed, (b) conclude the effect of moisture level on germination of okra seed, (c) find out the interaction consequence of storage container and moisture level for quality seed and (d) identify the best storage container for maintaining quality of okra seed.

Methodology:

The seeds of local variety of okra were used in this experiment. The experiment was carried out at green house of the Seed Pathology Centre, BAU Mymensingh during the period of 12 May to 10 July 2015. Planting materials: Okra seeds used in this experiment were supplied by the Seed Pathology Centre of BAU, Mymensingh. The seeds were collected directly from the farmers’ sources by the Seed Pathology Centre, BAU. Three working sample were made from supplied seeds.Experimental treatments: Seeds were kept in three containers and stored at room temperature and existing relative humidity for three months. Factor-A: Storage container (3) 1.Tin container 2. Polythene bag (Transparent) 3.Gunny bag. Factor-B: Storage period (3) 1.Before storing 2. 25 days after storing 3. 50 days after storing. Moisture test: Moisture content was determined by using high constant temperature oven method following International Rules for Seed Testing (Anonymous, 2000) in the Soil Science laboratory of BAU. The moisture content of seeds (wet basis) was determined by the following formula (Anonymous, 2000).

% MC = (X2-X3)/(X2-X1) x 100

X1= Wt. of container + cover X2 = Wt. of container - cover + ground materials before drying X3 =Wt. of container - cover + ground materials after drying Similar procedure was followed at 15 days interval from the beginning of storage.During the storage period of experiment seed samples were taken from the containers for the determination of change of moisture content (Wet basis), germination percentage, presence of insect and fungal activity. Moisture content was determined by using Grain Moisture Machine, Model No.-303 RS. Germination test: Germination test was conducted in plastic tray at the glass house of seed pathology centre (SPC), Bangladesh Agricultural Universality, Mymensingh. Sand was used as substrate for germination test, which was previously collected by SPC and was moistened at 50% level of moisture content. Then the trays were filled with moist sand leaving 2 cm from the top. Record keeping of dry bulb and weight bulb temperature and relative humidity: The data on air temperature and relative humidity (RH %) of store house were recorded using dry bulb and wet bulb methods with the help of Psychometric chart. Briefly the data were recorded twice in a day, at 10:30 to 11:00 AM in the morning and 4:00 to 4:30 PM in the evening for temperature. Seed health test Pathogen identification: Fungi grown from the seed was also recorded at the time of seedling evaluation. The fungi were detected by observing their growth character on the seed in blotter under compound microscope in the laboratory of Soil Science of BAU. Identification was confirmed after preparing slides and examining under compound microscope. Insects’ identification: In every week presence and number of insects were also observed in the stored okra seed. Number of insects was counted from 1 kg of seeds. Data Analysis: Data were analyzed statistically to determine the effects of the disease on growth parameter and yields in different treatments. Analyses of variance of the parameters were done by MSTAT software. The mean values of individual treatments were compared by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test.

Source of Information: J. Sylhet Agril. Univ. 3(1):9-17, 2016 ISSN: 2308-1597

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study assesses the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on storage quality of okra seed. Effects of these factors on quality of okra seeds was observed after storing in tin container, poly bag, and gunny bag. Tin container is the best container for okra seed storage. The conventional practices of seed storage by farmers in gunny bags are not suitable because there is a chance for moisture gain and insect and disease affected which may enhance the viability loss, as seed is a highly hygroscopic in nature.

Knowledge Management: Journal