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Effect of Species Ratio on Growth and Production of Major Carp Under Polyculture System in Haor Region

M S Islam*
Professor
Department of Coastal and Marine Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Afzal Hossain
2Research Associate, Fisheries Component, KGF Project, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangl
Department of Coastal and Marine Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted to assess the effect of species ratio on growth and yield of major carp under polyculture system in perennial ponds for a period of 270 days in haor villages of Sunamganj district. The experiment was designated into three treatments (T1, T2 and T3) based on fish species ratio with three replications each. The fingerlings of Hypophthalmicthys molitrics, Gibelion catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus cirrhosus and Cyprinus carpio were stocked at a ratio of 10, 20, 40, 10, 20; 10, 15, 50, 15, 10, and 20, 10, 30, 20 and 20% in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Stocked fishes were fed with rice bran and wheat flour at a decreasing rate of 10?5% of body weight twice daily. Significant (p<0.05) differences in growth and production among treatments were observed. The highest weight gain of H. molitrics (512.89 g), G. catla (432.60 g), L. rohita (439.99 g), C. cirrhosus (346.46 g) and C. carpio (379.60 g) observed in T2. Production of H. molitrics (802.52-1,477.00 kg ha^–1), G. catla (605.25-1,295.07 kg ha^–1), L. rohita (1,880.01-3,731.64 kg ha^–1), C. cirrhosus (543.03-951.42 kg ha^–1) and C. carpio (686.66-1,226.38 kg ha^–1) varied in different treatments might be due to species ratio. Significantly (p<0.05) higher combined production of carp was obtained in T2 (7,444.98 kg ha^–1) followed by T1 (6,625.27 kg ha–¹) and T3 (6,007.40 kg ha^–1). The highest net profit (BDT 213,695.03 ha^–1) was also obtained in T2 than that of T1 (BDT 172,782.89 ha^–1) and T3 (BDT 150,440.78 ha^–1). Result of the study reveals that polyculture of carp like H. molitrics,G. catla, L. rohita, C. cirrhosus and C. carpio with stocking ratio of 10, 15, 50, 15, 10% in T2 is significantly higher from the viewpoint of growth and production. Therefore, the stocking ratio of 10, 15, 50, 15 and 10% in carp polyculture might be prescribed at farmers’ level in order to boost up fish production, uplift the nutritional status as well as accelerate the economic benefit of the farmers.

Keywords: Species ratio, Growth, Production, Perennial ponds.

Location: Dakhsin Sunamganj upazila of Sunamganj district

Start Date: 00-03-2017

End Date: 00-11-2017

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Carp fish

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to know the effect of species ratio on growth and yield of major carp under polyculture systems in perennial ponds at haor villages.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in 9 earthen farmers’ ponds for a period of 270 days (nine months) from March-November 2017 at haor villages (Noagaon and Rabbani Nagor) under Dakhsin Sunamganj upazila of Sunamganj district. Average area of each pond was about 0.18 ha. Ponds were completely independent and had no inlet and outlet.Ponds were randomly selected into three treatments having three replicates each. Before starting the experiment, unwanted fishes were removed from the ponds by repeated netting and using piscicides (phostoxin). Aquatic weeds of the ponds were removed manually and embankments were repaired. Quick lime (CaO) was applied in all ponds at a rate of 250 kg ha^–1. After one week of liming, the ponds were fertilized with urea and TSP (1:1) at a rate of 50 kg ha–1. After 6 days of fertilization, ponds were stocked with fingerlings of H. molitrics, G. catla, L. rohita, C. cirrhosusand C. carpio at a stocking ratio of 10, 20, 40, 10, 20; 10, 15, 50, 15, 10, and 20, 10, 30, 20 and 20% in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Stocking density of fingerlings was maintained as 20,000 fish ha–1in all the ponds (Table 1). Fingerlings of fish were collected from local fish traders of Sylhet. These were transported from hatchery to the experimental site with polythene bags having oxygenation facilities. Then fingerlings were acclimatized with experimental pond water in polythene bags. After that, they were released into the ponds. Before releasing, the weight of 20-25% fingerlings was recorded using weighing balance. The average weight of carp fingerlings was 10.75-12.65 g. After stocking of fish in all ponds, supplementary feed consisting of rice bran and wheat flour/bran (1:1) was applied at a decreasing rate of 10?5% of body weight twice daily. Total daily feed ration was divided into two equal portion and was applied in the morning between 8.00?9.00 am and in the afternoon 3.00-4.00 pm. Feeding was adjusted after fish weighing at every 15 day intervals. Fertilizers (urea and TSP=1:1) were applied at 7?10 day intervals in the ponds to promote plankton growth. Water quality parameters were recorded at 10 day intervals during 09.00 to 10.00 am. Parameters like temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, alkalinity and ammonia-nitrogen were measured. Water temperature was measured in situ using a standard centigrade thermometer. Transparency was recorded using Secchi disc. Dissolved oxygen was measured using DO meter (YSI 58 DO meter, Hanna, USA). pH of pond water was recorded using pH meter (Hanna, USA). Total alkalinity was measured by titrimetric method. Ammonia was determined using ammonia test kit (Biosol, A. A. Biotech PVT LTD., Fish tech BD LTD). Fortnightly sampling of 25-30% fish was done using a small seine net/cast net to calculate fish weight. Growth was measured with digital balance (CAMRY digital electrical balance, EK 3052, Bangladesh) by weight. Behavior of fingerlings was regularly monitored especially after providing feed in the morning and in the afternoon to determine their conditions such as movement, infection and diseases. Sampling was continued until harvesting.Fish were harvested at the same day after 270 days of culture. Harvesting was done by total draining out of the ponds. After harvesting, all fish of each pond were counted and weighed individually to assess the growth, survival rate and yield performance. Survival rate (%) and production (kg) were calculated following the equation as cited by Pechsiri and Yakupitiyage (2005). The equations are as follows:Net final weight gain = Mean final weight' mean initial weight SGR (%/day) = {Ln (final body weight)' Ln (initial body weight) ×100}/Cultured period (days)Survival rate (%) =(Number of fish harvested ÷ total number of fish stocked) × 100Production = No. of fish caught × average final weight of fish Growth, survival rate and production parameters were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare the treatments means. If the main effect was found significant, the ANOVA was followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). All ANOVA were tested at 5% level of significance using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 21.

Source of Information: J. Sylhet Agril. Univ. 4(2):289-296, 2017ISSN: 2308-1597

Article Link (Online Journal): www.jsau.com.bd

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Bangladesh has a large number of perennial ponds, which are scattered in different parts of the country. Total area of these ponds is about 3, 84,700 ha (DoF, 2018). This vast area is not properly used for fish culture. Most of the farmers’ culture different fish species in their ponds without considering stocking ratio and stocking density. As a result, they are not getting better production and lucrative income. But there is a great scope to increase fish production and profit of the fish farmers to bring these water bodies under modern fish culture practices. Stocking ratio of carp species based on food and feeding habit of fish, and water layer in polyculture system is very much important factor, which directly enhances fish production as well as net return. Results of the present study are clearly indicated that among three treatments better yield and high net profit were found in T2 where ponds were stocked with Indian and Chinese major carp at a ratio of 10, 15, 50, 15 and 10%. Therefore, it may be concluded that in carp polyculture stocking ratio should be maintained very efficiently because stocking ratio increases fish production and economic return very significantly.

Knowledge Management: Journal