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Water Quality and Fish Diversity in Korotoa River of Bogura, Bangladesh

SAMINA AHATUN
Department of Environmental Science & Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh

MD. SIRAJUL ISLAM
Corresponding author:
Department of Environmental Science & Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh

MD. HUMAYUN KABIR
Department of Environmental Science & Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh

MAUSUMI REHNUMA
Department of Environmental Science & Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh

MD. ENAMUL HOQ
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh 2201, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted to explore the physicochemical parameters of water, fish diversity and fisheries resources of Korotoa River at Bogura city of Bangladesh during July 2015 to February 2016. The water samples were collected from five sampling stations in the Korotoa River during wet and dry seasons. The results of the study showed that temperature, EC, TDS, DO, BOD, alkalinity, acidity and total hardness of the Karotoa River water were 25.86ºC, 297.41 μS/cm, 98.86 mg/L, 2.17 mg/L, 2.64 mg/L, 122.05 mg/L, 3.28 mg/L and 75.59 mg/L, respectively. The DO and BOD contents of the river water were found unsuitable for fisheries when compared with the standard of DoE. A total of ten fish species under six orders and seven families were identified during the study period. The study also revealed that the most remarkable cause of water quality degradation of the river was waste dumping (58%) followed by urbanization and river bank erosion. The water quality degradation (46%) negatively influenced the abundance of fish species. The results concluded that the water quality of the river is not favorable for production of fishes and other aquatic organisms. The study suggested that the source of water quality degradation should be closely monitored together with the industrial effluent and/or domestic sewage discharge should be reduced or stopped through the initiatives of the local government concerned to maintain sound and healthy ecosystem of the river.

Keywords: Water quality, Korotoa River, Wet and dry season

Location: The Korotoa River at the Sadar Upazila of Bogura district, located at the northern part of Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-07-2015

End Date: 00-02-2016

Program Area: Conservation and Biodiversity

Commodity: Water quality, Fisheries diversity

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to investigate the water quality parameters (temperature, EC, TDS, DO, BOD, alkalinity, acidity and total hardness), to know the present status of fish diversity, and to find out the major causes of water quality degradation of the Korotoa River which expected to provide the basic information to the concerned authority for the management of the river water quality in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Study area: The study was conducted in the Korotoa River at the sadar upazila of Bogura district, located at the northern part of Bangladesh during July 2015 to February 2016. The study area was located in latitude of 26º15′N and longitude of 88º39′E. The Korotoa River was originated in the Himalayas, the mother of numerous rivers. Originating from northern frontier of Bhutan, the Korotoa enters into Bangladesh territory through Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts of West Bengal in India, and forms for some distance the boundary between Dinajpur and Rangpur districts, Bangladesh. The area of Bogura district is about 71.56 km2 and the total population of this district is about 350,397 (Proshad et al. 2018). The Mohasthangarh, the capital of ancient Pundranagar is still there beside the river as a witness of history in Bangladesh. The study was carried out through laboratory experiments and social survey systems. Water sample collection and analysis: The water samples were collected from five different sampling stations in the Korotoa River namely Nawdapara (St-1), Matidali (St-2), Muglishpur (St-3), Fulbari (St-4) and Chalopara (St-5) with distance of 1 km from each other covering the period of wet (July 2015 to September 2015) and dry (December 2015 to February 2016) seasons. The sampling stations were selected on the basis of topography, vegetation, easy communication and availability of the samples. Samples were collected by 500-ml plastic bottles with double stoppers from each sampling station. Prior to collection, the bottles were cleaned by detergent solution and treated with 5% nitric acid (HNO3) overnight. The bottles were finally washed with deionized water followed by repeated washing with sample water so as to avoid contamination. After sampling, the bottles were screwed carefully, labeled properly for identification, brought to the laboratory and preserved carefully until analysis. The physicochemical properties of water such as temperature, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), alkalinity, acidity and total hardness were determined in the Ecology Laboratory of the Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University following the well-established analytical methods stated. Fish sample collection and identification: Fish samples were collected randomly from fishermen by using fish cust net from the above-mentioned sampling stations in the Korotoa River. After collection, fish samples were preserved in formalin (5 to 10%) and brought to the laboratory of the Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University for identification. Preserved specimens were identified/ classified according to their morphometric and meristic characteristics with the help of the following documents: Freshwater Fishes of Bangladesh (Rahman 2005), FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes (Carpenter and Niem 1998), Red List of Bangladesh, (IUCN 2015), and previous studies (Islam et al. 2016, Galib et al. 2013). Social survey: The societal data about the present situation of the Korotoa River, its fish diversity, degradation of water quality and loss of fish species and fisheries resources was collected from local people and stakeholders by questionnaire survey. A total of 50 respondents who are directly and indirectly dependent on the river for their livelihood were surveyed from the study area. Statistical analysis: The collected data were compiled, tabulated and analyzed in proper form subjected to statistical analysis. Statistical analysis was done with the help of Microsoft Office Excel (2010) and Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS, IBM 20.0) software (mean, standard deviation, etc.). Finally the analyzed data were integrated and presented in charts and tabular forms.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Fish. (2020) 32(1) : 61-72

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study found that the Korotoa River water was not completely safe and was polluted to certain extents which arose from different kinds of human activities like excess agricultural practice, waste dumping, and silt collection from the riverside, etc. As a result of the water quality problems, fish species are losing their habitats. Water quality degradation along with agricultural encroachment and waste dumping are the main causes of loss of fisheries resources of Korotoa River. If this condition is continuously going on, one day, the river will lose its existence and production capabilities. To maintain a sound aquatic environment and a healthy ecosystem of the Korotoa River, appropriate steps must be taken.

Knowledge Management: Journal