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Effect of Organic Amendment on Stem Canker and Black Scurf Disease of Potato (solanum Tuberosum)

M. M. Rahman
Tuber Crops Research Sub-centre, BARI, Bogura, Bangladesh

M. A. Ali
Professor
Department of Plant Pathology, BAU, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M. M. Islam
Tuber Crops Research Centre, BARI, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

K. M. Khalequzzaman
Principal Scientific Officer
Spices Research Centre, BARI, Shibganj, Bogura, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at Tuber Crops Research Centre, BARI, Bogura, Bangladesh during 2008-2009 to evaluate the organic amendment for controlling the stem canker and black scurf of potato. The different kinds of organic amendments were: T₁=Poultry refuse (PR) at 4 t ha^-1, T₂=PR at 5 t ha^-1, T₃=PR at 6 t ha^-1, T₄=Mustard oil cake (MOC) at 300 kg ha^-1, T₅=MOC at 500 kg ha^-1, T₆=Neem oil cake (NOC) at 300 kg ha^-1, T₇=NOC at 500 kg ha^-1, T₈=Sawdust burning and T₉=Control. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The organic amendment significantly influenced the disease incidence, yield attributes and yield of potato. The lowest disease incidence (17.5%) and per cent disease index (9.99) were found in T₃ (poultry waste at 6 t ha^-1). The minimum russet, deformed and Sclerotia infected tubers were also recorded in poultry waste at 6 t ha^-1. The highest healthy tubers and tuber yield were found in the same treatment. Therefore, poultry manure 6 t ha^-1 along with recommended dose of chemical fertilizer can be recommended to produce healthy tubers and maximum tuber yield of potato.

Keywords: Organic soil amendment. Stem canker. Black scurf. Potato

Location: Tuber Crops Research Centre, BARI, Bogura, Bangladesh

Start Date: 01-11-2008

End Date: 30-04-2009

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases, Potato

Objectives:

To evaluate the organic amendment in soil for controlling stem canker and black scurf of potato.

Methodology:

The field study was carried out at Tuber Crops Research Centre, BARI, Bogura, Bangladesh during the period from November 2008 to April 2009. The experimental site was a high land having sandy loam soil. The soil was acidic (pH 5.6) in nature. The potato was grown in Rabi season. The test crop was potato cv. BARI Alu-7 (Diamant) and collected from the Breeder Seed Production Centre, Debiganj. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The different kinds of organic manures were: T₁=Poultry refuse (PR) at 4 t ha^-1, T₂=PR at 5 t ha^-1, T₃=PR at 6 t ha^-1, T₄=Mustard oil cake (MOC) at 300 kg ha^-1, T₅=MOC at 500 kg ha^-1, T₆=Neem oil cake (NOC) at 300kg ha^-1, T₇=NOC at 500 kg ha^-1, T₈=Sawdust burning and T₉=Control. The organic amendments such as poultry refuse (PR), mustard oil cake (MOC) and neem oil cake (NOC) were incorporated and mixed thoroughly into soil before 25 days of seed tuber planting. Burnt sawdust was applied one day before planting of seed tubers. Urea, triple super phosphate (TSP), muriate of potash (MoP), Gypsum, zinc sulphate and boric acid were applied at the rate of 350, 175, 340, 120, 14 and 5 kg per hectare, respectively. The entire amount of TSP, MoP, gypsum, zinc sulphate, boron and half of urea were applied at the time of final land preparation. The remaining amount of urea was applied at 30 DAP (days after planting). Intercultural operations such as weeding and mulching were done as and when required. Irrigations were given four times during the whole growing season. First time, light irrigation was applied at 7 days after planting (DAP) to ensure proper germination. Second irrigation was given at 30 DAP followed by earthing up and side-dressing (urea fertilizers). Third and fourth irrigations were applied at 48 and 63 DAP, respectively. Dithane M45 2g L-1 was sprayed at 50 DAP to prevent the late blight disease. The study was conducted in previously Rhizoctonia solani infested soil. Potato seed tubers were planted with a spacing of 60 × 25 cm on 30 November of 2008. Potato was harvested on 27 February of 2009. The germination per cent, number of stems per hill and plant height were recorded at 30, 50 and 60 DAP, respectively. The yield data were noted at harvest. The disease incidence (%) and percent disease index (PDI) were assessed at 70 DAP. At 70 DAP, severity of stolon infection was indexed on a 0-6 indexing scale (Bakr et al., 2010). Finally, it was converted into per cent disease index (PDI) following the formulae out line by Bakr et al. (2010). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for various crop characters and disease incidence was performed following F test. When F was significant at the p< 0.05 level, treatments means were separated using LSD test. Data were analyzed following standard procedure using SAS software (version 9.3). Computation and preparation of graphs were created using Microsoft Excel 2003 Program.

Source of Information: Bioscience Journal, Uberlândia, V. 32, N. 2, P. 361-370, Mar./Apr. 2016; ISSN 1981-3163

Article Link (Online Journal): URL: http://docs.bvsalud.org/biblioref/2018/11/965424/effect-of-organic-amendment-on-stem-canker-and-black-scurf-dise_RUpTJOH.pdf

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The organic manure significantly influenced the disease incidence, yield attributes and yield of potato. The lowest disease incidence (17.5%) and per cent disease index (9.99) were found in T₃ (poultry waste at 6 t ha^-1). The minimum russet, deformed and Sclerotia infected tubers were also recorded in T₃. The highest healthy tubers and tuber yield were found in the same treatment. Therefore, poultry manure 6 t ha-1 along with recommended dose of chemical fertilizer can be recommended to produce healthy tubers and maximum tuber yield of potato.

Knowledge Management: Journal