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Biogas from Slaughter House Waste and Optimization of the Process

M. A. Rouf*
Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial, Research, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh

M. S. Islam
Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial, Research, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh

T. Rabeya
Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial, Research, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh

A. K. Mondal
Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial, Research, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh

M. Khanam
Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial, Research, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh

P. R Samadder
Eden Mohila College, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh

Y. Ara
Eden Mohila College, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

To assess the potential of biogas generation by anaerobic digestion from slaughter house waste (undigested stomach content) and to determine the optimum conditions for biogas generation from the substrate, different proportions of substrate were used in six batch reactors R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6. The reactors were operated with initial volatile solid concentrations of 34.00, 50.80, 67.20, 51.60, 48.10 and 63.36 g/l and corresponding specific gas production obtained was 0.258, 0.200, 0.160, 0.270, 0.201 and 0.170 l/g respectively. The volatile solids (VS) destruction efficiency was 31.71%, 29.15%, 28.26%, 32.29%, 30.56 and 29.08% as well as chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction achieved in the test reactors were 40.31%, 44.44%, 49.40%, 53.24%, 48.55% and 51.26% in R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 respectively. Methane yield in different reactors varied from 72% to 76%. The optimum mix for generation of biogas from the substrate was 75% slaughter waste mixed with 25% cow dung.

Keywords: Anaerobic digestion; Substrate; Volatile solids (VS); Chemical oxygen demand (COD); Methane yield

Location: Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial, Research, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Waste

Objectives:

The objectives of the research work are: to assess the characteristics of the substrate of slaughter waste, examine the performance of biogas digester set up by using the substrate, optimize the parameters for biogas generation, and develop an appropriate technology for recovery of bio- energy from the substrate and study the economic feasibility of the technology.

Methodology:

The slaughter waste is a combination of all animal by-products including blood, hind gut, stomach content and fat scrubber content. We have taken only the stomach content for anaerobic digestion in a view to produce biogas. Slaughter waste was collected from different areas (Chalkbazar, Polashi Bazar, Hatirpul Bazar and Newmarket Bazar) at different times. The substrates collected were stored at 4°C before analysis and experiment. Some sample was pretreated in aerobic condition for 10 days by adding effluent from stable biogas digester in order to check the change of biogas production from pre-treated and untreated samples. The concentrations of the six biogas reactors on the basis of their contents are given below: Reactor R1: 4% solids (Slaughter waste 100% + 0% cow dung) Reactor R2: 6% solids (slaughter waste 100% + 0% cow dung) Reactor R3: 8% solids (slaughter waste 100% + 0% cow dung) Reactor R4: 6% solids (cow dung 25% + slaughter waste 75%) Reactor R5: 6% solids (100 % slaughter waste pretreated sample) Reactor R6: 8% solids (100% slaughter waste pretreated sample) The quantity of slaughter waste, cow dung and inoculums in different reactors are shown in Table I. Sample analysis Moisture and ash content were estimated by gravimetric method by drying at 105º C and by complete combustion at 800º C. Calorific value was determined according to IS: 1350 (part 4)197 by bomb calorimeter. Total solid (TS) was estimated by subtracting the moisture content from 100% and volatile solid (VS) was estimated according to the procedure recommended in IS: 10158-1982 by combustion nitrogen contents in the sample were determined with the help of C-N-H-S analyzer (Thermo Fischer Scientific, FLASH-2000) with TCD detector. Helium gas was used as carrier gas at 250 kPa and 140 ml/min, furnace and oven temperatures were maintained at 900 °C and 65 °C respectively. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the sample was estimated by oxidizing the sample with potassium dichromate then titrating with ferrous ammonium sulphate using ferroin indicator (APHA, 2000). Sample slurry pH was recorded using digital pH meter (HANNA, HI 98208) and gas composition was determined by gas chromatograph (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Trace GC Ultra with TCD detector). Helium gas was used as carrier gas at 900 kPa and 10.5 ml/min, detector and oven temperatures were maintained at 80 °C and 180 °C respectively. Characteristics of the substrate Characteristics of the substrate, cow dung and innoculm. From the table, it is clear that characteristics of the substrate are almost similar to the characteristics of the universal substrate cow dung. The C/N ratio of the substrate is 21 which is comparable to the standard value 20 to 30 (Rahman and Muyeed, 2010). The sample was fed into two liter capacity wide mouthed glass bottle on batch basis for 60 days at ambient temperature (25° C). Volume of the substrate in the glass bottle was one liter. It was inoculated (10% inoculum) with the sludge collected from an anaerobic plant based on cow dung. Six anaerobic reactors were set up with different concentrations of substrate. The total gas production was measured by water displacement method at an interval of 24 hours. Contents of the bottle were mixed manually after every gas measurement. Daily gas production was recorded.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.51(3), 203-214, 2016

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The performance of anaerobic co-digestion of slaughter waste is evaluated in terms of VS destruction, biogas yield and methane content. It is found that slaughter waste has high potential as substrates for biogas generation by anaerobic digestion. Based on the volatile solid destruction efficiencies and specific gas production, it is confirmed that slaughter waste is amenable for anaerobic digestion by mixing with cow dung. The optimum conditions for biogas generation from slaughter waste (C/N ratio 21) is 25% cow dung and 75% slaughter waste on 6% total solid basis. The methane content in the biogas is 72-76% and specific gas yield is 0.316 (l/g). Since energy is required in our everyday life as well as for the industry to run, hence recovery of energy from the slaughter waste by anaerobic digestion can be an appropriate, sustainable and environment friendly option for slaughter waste management.

Knowledge Management: Journal