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Current Status of Bacterial Contamination in Some Fish Species of Bakkhali River Estuary, Bangladesh

Sharmin Jahan
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi

Md. Abu Sayed Jewel
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi

Md. Ayenuddin Haque
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi

Jakia Hasan
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI), Marine Fisheries & Technology Station, Cox’s Bazar

Most. Momtahena Mita
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi

Ambia Aktar
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi

Md. Al-Amin
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study aims to investigate the isolation of human pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. Shigella spp. and Vibrio spp.) and in gills, intestines, skin of fishes of Bakkhali River Estuary, Cox’s Bazar. A total of 50 fish species (25 of Pomadasys hasta and 25 of Glossogobius giuris) were collected from two sampling stations namely Station-1 (Rumalia Chara) and Station-2 (Kusturi Ghat). Bacterial analyses were made by standard methods. Total heterotrophic bacterial load of the isolates was found to be lower than the recommended public health and standard. However, the highest pathogenic bacterial (E. coli, Salmonella spp. Shigella spp. and Vibrio spp.) count at Station-2 might be due to the contamination of municipal and domestic wastes and discharges from small industries that constitute the main pollution source of this estuarine river. Skin was found to be the most preferred organs for higher bacterial load compared to intestine and lower count was recorded in gills. Further research on the microbial quality assessment should be undertaken to prevent pollution of this river estuary.

Keywords: Bacterial pollution, Bakkhali River estuary, Fish, Pathogenic bacteria

Location: Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI), Marine Fisheries & Technology Station, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Fish

Objectives:

The present study was therefore designed to evaluate the bacterial load in different organs of fishes to evaluate the current pollution status of this estuarine river.

Methodology:

A total of 50 fish species (25 of and 25 of) were collected from two sampling stations namely Station-1 (Rumalia chara) and Station-2 (Kusturi Ghat). A total of 50 fish species (25 of species 1 and 25 of species 2) were collected from the selected two sampling stations. Species-1 was Pomadasys hasta and Species-2 was Glossogobius giuris. Station-1 was characterized by less polluted areas and Station-2 was contaminated with anthropogenic and industrial activities where large amount of organic and inorganic wastes are being discharged. The fishes were collected from local fisherman in the morning. Gill nets of about 12.192 m long and 1.828 m wide with a cork line at the top rope and metal line with the ground rope made locally of nylon were used for fishing. The collected fishes were transported with sterilized plastic bucket to the laboratory. In the laboratory, fish samples were washed with phosphate buffer saline and the various organs were separated with sterilized knife. Twenty (20) gram of each part (skin, gill and intestine) was homogenized separately in 250 mL of 0.1% (w/v) PBS using vortex machine (Model iSwix VT) before serial dilution using the method of Odoli (2006). All the samples were collected in triplicates. Bacterial analysis was conducted in the microbiology laboratory of Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI), Marine Fisheries & Technology Station, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Spread plate method was carried out to count the bacterial density. 0.1 ml of diluted samples was incubated in the petri-dish containing the culture media. Enumeration of Total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) was done on nutrient agar media (HiMedia) after incubating at 37° C for 18-24 h. MacConkey agar and EMB agar were used to the enumeration of Escherichia coli. Pink colonies that occur in MacConkey agar plate after the incubation period of 18-24 h at 37°C were recultured in EMB agar plate at 44-44.5°C for over- night. Colonies appearing as green metallic sheen in EMB agar were further subjected to biochemical test (iMVIC test) for the confirmation of the presence of E. coli. Vibrio spp., Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. were enumerated using TCBS agar and SS agar plate (HiMedia) after incubation at 37° C for 18-24 h. Yellow with opaque centers colonies were considered as Vibrio spp.; and colourless transparent and black centers colonies were considered as Salmonella spp. Colonies were counted on a digital colony counter as colony forming unit per gram (Cfu/g) of the sample. The data were analyzed by the use of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS software Version 20.0). T-test was used to show the difference between the bacterial counting of two study sites at significance level of p < 0.05.

Source of Information: Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 4(1): 96-100 (2019)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.26832/24566632.2019.0401015

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Presence of large amount of pathogenic bacteria i.e. E. coli, (4217.78±1898.54 cfu/g in Species-1 at Station-2) Salmonella spp. (2537.78±1015.16 cgu/g in Species-1 at Station-2), Shigella spp. (1058.89±676.97 cgu/g in Species-2 at Station-2) and Vibrio spp. (883.33±581.98 in Species-1 at Station-2) in the two fish species collected from Bakkhali river estuary river of Cox’s bazar indicated high levels of faecal contamination in the river due to heavy load of improper sewage dumping, municipal waste and industrial waste water. There may be a potential hazard of infection from food borne diseases to the residents from the encircling inhabitants from consuming the fish. Further research work should be conducted on overall pollution status of Pasur river estuary.

Knowledge Management: Journal