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Regulated Deficit Irrigation Scheduling for Maize Cultivation in North-western Areas of Bangladesh

Momtaz Begum Shima
Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Jinat Jahan Ranu
Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Monira Khatun
Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Mesbaus Salahin
Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Nilufar Yasmin
Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Abu Mohammad Shahidul Alam
Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Mohammad Robiul Islam
Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Drought is one of the major issues for agricultural production in north western part of Bangladesh. A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Field Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, during the period from November 2015 to March 2016 to examine the effect of deficit irrigation regimes on growth, yield contributing characters and yield of Maize. Irrigation amounts were calculated based onpan evaporation (Epan). Five irrigation treatments viz. T₁ (irrigation equivalent to 0.5 Epan), T₂ (0.75 Epan), T₃ (1.0 Epan) and T₄ (1.25 Epan) was compared with standard irrigation or farmers practice as control (T₀). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Considering crop growth, yield components and yield of maize it was found that and most of the cases highest performance was noted for control treatment which reduced gradually with the reduction of irrigation amount. The highest (5.62 t ha^-1) grain yield was observed in T₀ which was statistically identical to the treatment T₄(5.42 t ha^-1) while it reduced significantly by 9.85%, 9.14%, and 12.5%for irrigation treatment T₃,T₂ and T₁ respectively. Considering water use efficiency (WUE), the value was lowest with control. Based on our result, it can be suggested that irrigation amount equivalent to 1.25 Epan can produce nearly same amount of maize yield with 14.42 % less water and increase WUE by 9.09%. Irrigation amount equivalent to 1.25 Epan would be the best practice for maize cultivation in drought affected North-western areas of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Pan evaporation, Water use efficiency, Deficit irrigation

Location: Agronomy Field Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi

Start Date: 00-11-2015

End Date: 00-04-2016

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Irrigation scheduling, Maize

Objectives:

The present research was to determine the irrigation water requirements and increase water use efficiency for maize cultivation in drought affected north-western parts of Bangladesh by pan-evaporation method.

Methodology:

Plant materials and growth condition- The experiment was carried out at Agronomy Field Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi during the period from November 2015 to April 2016 to study on the effect of regulated deficit irrigation scheduling for maize cultivation in drought affected North-Western areas of Bangladesh. Maize variety ACI-3110, collected from ACI seed dealer was used in our experiment. Five irrigation treatments viz. T₁(irrigation equivalent to 0.5 Epan), T₂(irrigation equivalent to 0.75 Epan), T₃ (irrigation equivalent to 1.0 Epan) and T₄ (irrigation equivalent to 1.25 Epan) was compared with standard irrigation or farmers practice as control (T₀). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications.The size of each unit plot was 5m×2m. To maintain proper moisture level in the plot according to treatments, 1.5 m gap within the plots and 2 m gap within the blocks were maintained and each plot was irrigated separately. Except experimental treatments, other agronomic practices and managements were done as per standard manner. Measurement of irrigation water requirement Estimation of evaporation:It has been observed that there is a close relationship exists between the rate of water consumption by crops and the rate of evaporation from an evaporation pan. Standard pan evaporation meter was used for the measurement of pan evaporation. Calculation of irrigation water requirement Irrigation water requirement was calculated on the basis of cumulative pan evaporation (CPE). The daily pan evaporation as measured from evaporation pan and rainfall from standard rain-gauge were measured Estimation of irrigation water The irrigation water was applied to bring the soil moisture at field capacity within effective root zone depth. Soil moisture was determined before irrigation by digital moisture meter and gravimetric method. Soil water contribution Soil moisture content at the time of sowing and harvesting were determined by gravimetric method to know the soil water contribution. Gravimetric method for soil moisture calculation Soil sample was collected from the field from several places which represents the whole field. It must be collected from 20 cm depth using Auger. Then in laboratory 17 experiment moisture content was determined using following equation. The soil was oven dried at 105°C for about 24 hours. Determination of effective rainfall Effective rainfall is the rainfall that is available in the plant root zone, allows the plant to germinate or maintain its growth. In simple sense, effective rainfall means useful or utilizable rainfall (Michael, 1985). The term effective rainfall has been interpreted differently, not only by specialists in different field but also by different workers in the same field. From the point of view of the water requirement of crops, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (Dastane, 1985) has defined the annual or seasonal effective rainfall as that part of the total annual or seasonal rainfall, which is useful directly and/or indirectly for crop production at the site where it falls, but without pumping. The collected data were analyzed statistically following the analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique and the mean differences were adjudged with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) using the statistical computer package program, STATVIEW.

Source of Information: International Journal of Bio sciences | IJB |, Vol. 12, No. 2, p. 53-63, 2018

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/12.2.53-63

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the experimental results we found that deficit irrigation had a significant effect on growth and yield contributing characters of maize. In most of the parameters eg. plant height, leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter (TDM), crop growth rate (CGR), relative water content of leaf (RWC), soil moisture content (SMC), cob length, number of rows cob^-1, number of grains per cob^-1, grain yield, harvest index showed highest result in the treatment T₀ or control treatment (Farmer’s practice) and lowest result was observed in the treatment T₁(irrigation equivalent to 0.5 Epan). As lower amount of water was applied in the treatment T₁ (0.5 Epan) most of the parameters became lower in the treatment T₁(0.5 Epan).Considering most of the yield contributing characters and yield performance of maize, it was observed that irrigation equivalent to 1.25 Epan can perform same as conventional irrigation amount. Therefore, our recommendation also support 1.25Epan irrigation as it can produce nearly same amount of maize yield with 14.42% less water and increase WUE by 9.09%. So that, irrigation amount given at treatment T₄ i.e. equivalent to 1.25Epan would be the best practice for maize cultivation in drought affected North-Western areas of Bangladesh.

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