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Effect of Sowing Time and Variety on Seed Germination and Vigour Index of Wheat

Md. Rayhan Shaheb
Scientific Officer
Officer, On-Farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural ResearchInstitute (BARI), Sylhet-3100

Md. Nazmul Islam
Scientific Officer
Seed Technology Division, BARI, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

M. Siddikur Rahman
Principal Scientific Officer
Seed Technology Division, BARI, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

Ashratun Nessa
Chief Scientific Officer
Seed Technology Division, BARI, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Experiments were carried out in research field and laboratory of Seed Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during rabi season of 2008-09 and 2009-10 to find out the effect of sowing time and variety on seed germination and vigour index of wheat after harvest of the crop. There were two sets of treatments, comprising a) three dates of sowing viz. 20 November, 5 December and 20 December; and b) three varieties viz. ‘Bijoy’, ‘Sufi’ and ‘Prodip’. Split plot design and complete block design were followed in field and laboratory experiments, respectively. Results revealed that the highest seed germination 93.33% was recorded in ‘Prodip’ sown on 20 December, 2008 and ‘Bijoy’ sown on 5 December, 2009. However, all the varieties showed more than 83% seed germination at all dates of sowing of wheat. The highest vigour indices, 1.53 and 1.41 were found in the seeds of ‘Sufi’ sown on 20 November in both the years of 2008 and 2009, respectively.

Keywords: Wheat, Sowing time, Variety, Seed germination, Vigour index.

Location: Seed Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2008

End Date: 00-00-2010

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

Objective of this study was to observe the effect of sowing time and variety on the seed germination and vigour index after the harvest of wheat.

Methodology:

Experiments were conducted in research field and laboratory of Seed Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during rabi season of November 2008 to April 2010. There were two sets of treatments comprising a) three dates of sowing viz. S₁: 20 November, S₂: 5 December and S₃: 20 December; and b) three varieties viz. V₁: ‘Bijoy’, V₂: ‘Sufi’ and V₃: ‘Prodip’. The field experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications assigning sowing time in main plot and variety in sub plot for field and completely randomized design was followed for laboratory studies. The unit plot size was 3m x 5m. The land was fertilized with 92, 32, 23 and 20 kg ha^-1 of N, P, K and S, respectively. One-third of N and all other fertilizers were applied at final land preparation. Seeds were sown in furrows at the rate of 120 kg ha^-1 in 20 cm apart rows. From the record, it was observed that the average maximum temperatures (around 34^oC) were in the month April in both the years while the lowest minimum temperature was recorded in the middle of January (above 9^oC). There was almost no rainfall recorded during the growing period (November to February) of wheat in both the years except in the last week of February, when only 5 mm of precipitation was recorded. However, total rainfall ranged from 5 mm to well above 160 mm. All intercultural operations viz. weeding, thinning, irrigation and drainage were carried out as and when necessary. The wheat varieties sown on 20 November, 05 December and 20 December were harvested on 11 March, 23 March and 05 April, respectively. After threshing, seeds of each plot were sun dried and then cleaned properly. Seed quality parameters including seed vigour data of wheat varieties were recorded as per following methods:- Determination of moisture content: The moisture content (MC) of seed sample as per treatment was determined after harvest according to ISTA (1999). Ground seed samples of each treatment were taken into moisture cup and put into a pre heated oven at temperature of 103 ± 2^oC for one hour according to Morshed et al. (2003). After cooling, the weight of the container with its cover and contents were taken. The seed samples were cooled in desiccators and weighed to work out the percent moisture content of the grains. However, the MC of all varieties harvested at different dates were brought and adjusted at 11.50%. Determination of germination percentage: The data on seed germination (%) was taken out after harvest by the following formula (ISTA, 1999). For each treatment, 100 seeds were put into large petri dishes with four replications. The Petri-dishes were then put at room temperature (25 ± 2^oC). Measurement of root and shoot length: From the eight days of seedlings, 10 plants were randomly selected. Seedlings were then cut and root and shoot parts were separated and their lengths were measured. Determination of fresh and dry weight of seedling: After measurement of root and shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight of seedlings were recorded. Then the root and seedlings were put into paper packet and placed into the preheated oven (70^oC± 2^oC) for 48 hours. After cooling in desiccators, the dry weights were taken. Determination of vigour index: Seed vigour index was calculated and determined by multiplying germination (%) and seedling dry weight according to Abdul-Baki and Anderson (1973) and Reddy and Khan (2001). Vigour index (VI) = PG × SDW … (iii), Where, VI = Vigour index; PG =Percent germination of seed, and SDW = Seedling dry weight (Average). The collected data were analyzed statistically following the ANOVA technique with the help of MSTAT-C software. The mean differences among the treatment means were done by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(1): 127-136, March 2016; ISSN 0258-7122

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJAR/article/view/27678/18443

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present investigation revealed that most of the seed quality parameters were significantly influenced by date of sowing and variety. The highest seed germination 93.33% was recorded in the seeds of ‘Prodip’ variety sown on 20 December 2008, and ‘Bijoy’ variety sown on 5 December 2009, respectively. However, all the varieties showed more than 83% seed germination at all the dates of sowing. The highest vigour indices (1.53 and 1.41) were found in the seeds of ‘Sufi’ variety sown on 20 November in both the years of 2008-09 and 2009-10, respectively. Although seed germination and vigour index of wheat varieties were influenced by sowing times, all the tested varieties exhibited better seed quality immediately after harvest.

Knowledge Management: Journal