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Investigation of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Outbreaks in Goat Farms of Chuadanga District of Bangladesh

SK Shaheenur Islam
Epidemiology Unit, Department of Livestock Services, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh

Sangeeta Rao
Colorado State University, USA

AHM Taslima Akhter
FAO Field Office in Barisal, Bangladesh

Md. Mehedi Hossain
Epidemiology Unit, Department of Livestock Services, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh

Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
SAARC Regional Leading Diagnostic Laboratory for PPR, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh

SM Sariful Islam
Upazila Livestock Office, Chudanga Sadar, Chuadanga, Bangladesh

Arun Kumar Singha
Wave Foundation, Damurhuda, Chuadanga, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A case-control study was conducted in Chuadanga district of Bangladesh to investigate risk factors for Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) that occurred during November-December 2014 in goat farms. A total of 37 farms were reported to be PPR cases based on active and passive surveillance from 4 villages of Chuadanga Sadar and Damurhuda sub-districts. Fifty-five ‘control-farms’ were selected from the same 4 villages. Farmers of both case and control farms were interviewed using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire for data collection on potential risk factors. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between potential risk factors and disease outcome. Focus group discussions with farmers and livestock personnel in the selected villages were conducted using ‘participatory epidemiological’ (PE) approach to identify issues with PPR in the villages. The results showed that 27% of the case-farms (n=10) were vaccinated, 60% (n=6) of which were vaccinated two times and 40% (n=4) single time in a year. About 50% (n=20) farms used ‘perch/macha’ and the other 50% used ‘mud’ type of housing. The morbidity and case-fatality rate in case-farms were 15.49%, 54.54%, respectively. Adoption of single time annual vaccination and using perch/ macha housing were significant protective factors (OR=0.03, 95% CI=0.008-0.1, p<0.001; OR=0.29, 95% CI= 0.11-0.74, p=0.004 respectively). Vaccination done twice in a year significantly lowered infection when compared to one time vaccination (OR=0.21, 95% CI=0.05-0.79, p=0.02). The results from PE showed that proper labeling of PPR vaccines, logistics for mass vaccination and spreading awareness, are necessary for successful PPR prevention. In conclusion, control of PPR in this district may be achieved by single time annual vaccination with a maximum coverage along with adoption of perch housing in all goat rearing farms in the district.

Keywords: Peste des Petits Ruminants; Goats; Investigation; Risk factors;

Location: Damurhuda and Chudanga Sadar subdistricts of Chudanga District

Start Date: 00-11-2014

End Date: 00-12-2014

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

To investigate risk factors for Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) and recommend strategies to control it in the country.

Methodology:

Damurhuda and Chudanga Sadar subdistricts of Chudanga District, Northwestern part of Bangladesh were selected to conduct the investigation of PPR outbreaks in goats during a period of November-December 2014.

Data collection, management and statistical analysis: The data on demographics and risk factors were collected from both case and control-farms using pretested semi-structured questionnaires. The risk/ protective factors included in the questionnaires were: History of single time vaccination within 1 year, introduction of new goat within 1 year, sharing goat house with neighbor, having perch/ macha house, fattening of goat, selling of infected goats, use grazing land after outbreak along with practicing two time vaccination within 1 year. The data on demographics, risk/ protective factors and disease outcome were entered and validated in Microsoft excel worksheet and imported into Epiinfo 7 program (CDC, 2012) for statistical analysis. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate associations of potential risk factors with the PPR disease outcome (case-farms versus control-farms). A p-value of 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. Due to missing data, the total number of case and control-farms varied in relation to some variables and are indicated in results accordingly. Focus group discussions with goat farmers were conducted using participatory epidemiological (PE) approach on PPR in the villages. Topics such goat breeds, problems in goat rearing, problems in vaccination and suggestion for improvement of vaccination procedure and any other business (AOB) were discussed. Similar approach was undertaken with focus group discussions with livestock personnel (veterinarians/ para-veterinarians). Data from both discussions were recorded in pre-formatted questionnaires. Proportions were calculated to describe the data and to prioritize the issues related to PPR.

Source of Information: Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2015, 1 (3), 434-441; ISSN 2411-4472 (Print) 2412-5571 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): http://banglajol.info/index.php/AJMBR/article/view/26449/17750

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Successful eradication and control of PPR in Bangladesh can be achieved by vaccination of all susceptible goats and sheep at least once a year with maximum coverage. Moreover, targeted vaccination twice a year could be adopted where goat population is denser in some selected high risky districts. Goat famers need appropriate awareness regarding goat husbandry and vaccination. Adequate manpower/logistics should be ensured for maximum vaccination coverage. DLS should use proper labeling of the PPR vaccine for boosting trust of framers and livestock personnel as well. The perch/macha method of goat rearing could be recommended to the other goat rearing zones by sharing the knowledge, experience with other farmers. Action should be taken for conservation of genetic materials of Black Bengal goats by supplying genetically proven breeding bucks among the goat farmers. Further study is necessary to explore the real scenario/understanding the epidemiology of recurrent PPR outbreaks in such high risk areas.

Knowledge Management: Journal