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Seed Quality as Affected by Nitrogen and Potassium During True Potato Seed Production

Tuhin Suvra Roy
Faculty of Agriculture, Shere-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka - 1207, Bangladesh.

Takashi Nishizawa
Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruka, 997-8555, Japan.

Mohammed Hazrat Ali
Faculty of Agriculture, Shere-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka - 1207, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Three levels of nitrogen (0, 225 and 300 kg N ha^-1) and 4 levels of potassium (0, 125, 175 and 225 kg K ha^-1) fertilizers were applied to potato mother plants (MF-II) for the production of high quality True Potato Seed (TPS). The effect of N and K application on the quality of TPS was evaluated by nutritional analysis, germination tests in Petri dishes and growth performance in nursery beds. Increase in N application significantly increased N, P, Ca, Mg and Na concentrations in TPS but K did not increase. Increase in K application significantly increased N, P and K concentrations, while decreases in Ca, Mg and Na concentrations in TPS were recorded. TPS that were harvested under different NxK combinations were classified into large-(>1.18 mm) and small sizes-(1.18 to 1.00 mm). Among them, large TPS showed the highest germination rate (97.7%) 12 days after sowing when 300 kg N and 125 kg K ha^-1 was applied. The coefficient of velocity of germination in large TPS was highest (10.4) when 300 kg N and 125 kg K ha^-1 were applied. Large TPS also showed high emergence rate (94%), seedling vigor (4.8) and dry matter content (10.5%) in nursery beds when 300 kg N and 125 kg K ha^-1 was applied. Large TPS always showed better performance than small TPS. In conclusion, the combination of 300 kg N and 125 kg K ha^-1 was the best combination for application to potato mother plants for the production of high quality TPS.

Keywords: Nitrogen, Potassium, TPS quality

Location: Tuber Crops Research Center, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2006

End Date: 00-00-2007

Program Area: Seed Technology

Commodity: Potato

Objectives:

To assess the effect of N and K application to potato mother plants (MF-II) on the growth performance of harvested TPS.

Methodology:

Seed tubers of two desired parental lines (MF-II and TPS-67 as female and male lines, respectively) were grown during 2005 to 2006 in the field of the Tuber Crops Research Center, Bangladesh to make hybridized TPS. Farm yard manure which contains approximately 1.0 to 1.2% N was applied (10 t ha^-1) in the experimental plots one week before (14 October 2005) the planting of the seed tubers. On 18 October, chemical fertilizers which contain P-Gypsum-Zinc sulphate-Borax at 120-120-12-6 kg ha^-1 were applied in the experimental plots. Effect of NxK fertilizers on the quality of TPS was investigated by applying 12 different NxK combinations of 3 levels of nitrogen (N₀, N₂₂₅ and N₃₀₀ kg ha^-1 as total amount of application) and 4 levels of potassium (K₀, K₁₂₅, K₁₇₅ and K₂₂₅ kg ha^-1as total amount of application) for the production of the female plants. The entire quantity of K (K₀-₂₂₅) was applied 3 days before planting of the seed tubers (18 October) because it is slowly absorbed into the plants, while only one-third of entire quantity of N (0, 75 and 100 kg ha^-1 for N₀, N₂₂₅ and N₃₀₀) was applied on 18 October as a basal dressing, irrespective of total amount of NxK application. On 21 October 2005, seed tubers were planted in a split-plot design with 3 replicates. The rest amount of N fertilizer was equally applied in 4 installments (0, 37.5 and 50 kg ha^-1 for N₀, N₂₂₅ and N₃₀₀) at 10 day intervals starting from 30 Days after Planting (DAP) (21 November, 1, 11 and 21 December). Splitting of N application in 4 equal amounts helped in reducing the loss of excessive N fertilizer applied at planting and better utilization of the fertilizer particularly during rapid growth of plants, flowering, berry setting and development of seeds. For the production of male plants, seed tubers were planted in separate plots on 14 November. A standard commercial amount of NxK combination (N₁₅₀ K₁₂₅) was applied as basal dressing. On 30 November (39 DAP), flowering of the female plants was started and they were hand pollinated with the previously collected pollen grains of the male plants. Berries were harvested during 12 to 17 January 2006 (42 to 47 days after pollination). TPS that were produced from the 12 different fertilizer combinations were stored in a desiccator for approximately 5 months at room temperature. Dried TPS samples were homogenized in a mortar and approximately 0.5 g powder was transferred to a 100 mL flask. Approximately 1.1 g digestion mixture (1.0 g Na₂SO₄ + 100 mg mercuric oxide) and 5 mL concentrated H₂SO₄ were added to the sample and then heated to 160°C for 3 to 4 h in a digestion chamber until the sample was digested completely. The concentration of N in TPS was determined by method. TPS samples (approximately 50 mg) from each treatment were digested with 2 mL 16 N HNO₃ overnight at room temperature. Phosphorus, K, Ca, Mg and Na concentrations in each sample were determined using an Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectrophotometer. TPS that were produced from each combination of NxK were classified into large- (>1.18 mm) or small- (1.00 to 1.18 mm) seed. TPS were then soaked in 0.15% Gibberellic Acid (GA3) solution at room temperature for 24 h, one hundred seeds per each size class were sown in Petri dishes (15 cm diameter) equipped with wet filter paper and then incubated at 20°C for 12 days. The seeds were watered as necessary. The germination rate of TPS was recorded at 6, 9 and 12 Days After Sowing (DAS). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 3 replicates. Seed quality in vivo was determined according to the growth performance of the seedling. The experiment was conducted following a split-plot design with 3 replicates in a nursery bed of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University during 2006-2007. Soil substrates of the nursery bed were soil, sand and farmyard manure (1:1:1 v/v). The unit plot size was 1 m2. The percentage of emerged shoots at 10, 15 and 20 DAS and CoV were recorded. Seedling vigor was visually evaluated at 21 DAS using five staged scales i.e., 1 = small seedlings with stunted growth, 2 = moderate growth but visually stunted, 3 = good growth, 4 = vigorous, tall plants with green foliage and 5 = transplantable seeding with vigorous, green, strong stem. At 30 DAS, the seedlings were cut at the soil surface, weighed, oven-dried at 70°C for 72 h and re-weighed. Analysis of variance was performed according to MSTAT-C statistical software (MSTAT-C, 1991). Means were compared using the Least Significant Differences (LSDs) test at a 5% probability level.

Source of Information: Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(8): 1269-1275, 2007, ISSN 1682-3974

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2007.1269.1275, URL: http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ajps.2007.1269.1275

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Present results showed that application of N₂₂₅-₃₀₀ K₁₂₅-₁₇₅ to potato mother plants could improve TPS harvest quality when the quality was evaluated as growth performance both in vitro and in vivo. The range of this NxK combination was within the range of the best combination (N₂₂₅ K₁₂₅) for obtaining the highest TPS yield from the crossing of MF-II and TPS-67. However, less seedling vigor under N₂₂₅ K₁₂₅ as compared with N₃₀₀ K₁₂₅ suggests that the application of N at 225 kg ha^-1 will be too low for obtaining high quality TPS. This is also confirmed from the view point of harvesting large TPS, where the application of N at 300 kg ha^-1 was required. Therefore, we conclude that 300 kg N and 125 kg K ha^-1 is the best combination for obtaining not only large TPS, but also preferable growth performance of the seedlings.

Knowledge Management: Journal