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Histopathological Changes in Gill, Liver and Intestine of Heteropneustes Fossilis (bloch) Treated with Three Dry Seed Extracts

MUNIRA NASIRUDDIN
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh

MOHAMMAD ALI AZADI
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh

AKLIMA JAHAN
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Acute toxicity tests were carried out with aqueous and ethanolic extracts of three botanicals Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers, Dipterocarpus turbinatus Gaertn and Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. Ex Juss) on Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) under normal laboratory conditions. Extracts of L. speciosa were more potent than the extracts of D. turbinatus and H. brasiliensis. Histopathological changes in gill, liver and intestine of exposed fishes caused subtle cellular damages like disintegration of gill filaments and lamellae, degeneration of hepatocytes and blood vessels and necrosis of the intestinal epithelia. Different seed extracts showed histopathological variations in the different organs depending on the toxicity of the plant extracts. On the basis of histopathology, effectivity of the extract was in the order: Absolute ethyl alcohol > 50% ethyl alcohol > distilled water and the effectivity of the seed extracts on the studied organs was: L. speciosa > D. turbinatus > H. brasiliensis seed extracts.

Keywords: Piscicides, Histophathology, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Dipterocarpus turbinatus, Hevea brasiliensis

Location: Chittagong district, Bangadesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Cat fish

Objectives:

To find the effects of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts on the histopathology of gill, liver and intestine of the predatory fish H. fossilis.

Methodology:

Dry seeds of L. speciosa and D. turbinatus were collected from the Chittagong University campus and H. brasiliensis seeds were collected from Fotikchori hill tracts of Chittagong district. Each of the plant materials was well dried in diffused sun light and preserved in air tight jars. At the prior of the experiments the seeds were pounded using metallic mortar and pestle, then crushed into fine powder with an electric grinder and sieved through 0.0025 cm² mesh sieve. Required amount of seed powder was weighed in an electronic balance to mix with the solvents. Finely ground dry seed powder (10g) was taken in a flat bottom flask and l00 ml of distilled water or 50% ethyl alcohol or absolute ethyl alcohol was added and soaked for 3-4 hours. The flask was stirred vigorously for 3- 4 hours with a magnetic stirrer to ensure maximum extraction of toxic components. Next the solution was filtered through fine muslin cloth. The prepared solution was kept as stock liquid extract and the different static toxicity test doses were calculated from this stock solution by appropriate dilution. To study histopathological effects of the dry seeds for 24 h exposure, the tissues of gill, liver and intestine were taken from the fish that were treated with the second highest concentration of the extracts and control. The tissues were processed following routine histological techniques, stained in haematoxylene and eosin and mounted with DPX. The photomicrographs of histopathological sections were taken with the help of an Axiovert 25 CFL microscope (Germany) fitted with a SLR Canon camera (Japan). Microphotographs of desired areas of the sections were taken at magnification factors using eyepiece 10 x and objective 10 x.

Source of Information: J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 38(2): 217-226, December 2012

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the present study the result indicate, on the basis of histopathology, that the seed extracts of all the three plants are toxic to H. fossilis. L. speciosa seed extracts are more effective than seed extracts of D. turbinatus and H. brasiliensis to the test fish, while the ethanolic extracts are more potent than the aqueous extracts. So, the locally available plants might be used as piscicide that could be an alternative to harmful chemical piscicides to eradicate unwanted fishes in the ponds.

Knowledge Management: Journal