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Tillage and Lrrigation on Water Use by Wheat in Grey Terrace Soil of Bangladesh

Z. Karim
Principal Scientific Officer
Bangladesh Agricultural Besearch lnstitute, Joydebpur, Dacca, Bangladesh

A. A. Pahlwan
Senior Scientific Officer
Bangladesh Agricultural Besearch lnstitute, Joydebpur, Dacca, Bangladesh

A. J. M. S. Karim
Senior Scientific Officer
Bangladesh Agricultural Research lnstitute, Joydebpur, Dacca. Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The effect of three tillage treatments, minimum, conventional and deep tillage were compared relative to yield of wheat, water use efficiency and cost of production on a Grey Terrace Soil of Bangladesh under rainfed and irrigated conditions. In the irrigated area a maximum yield of 3.33 t/ha was produced from conventional tillage, but in the rainfed area, trial maximum yield of 2.25 t/ha, a 36% increase in yield over the conventional tillage was obtained from deep tillage. Cost of production of 100 kg grain was much higher, $7.5, in the rainfed conventional tillage compared to $4.5 in deep tillage with maximum water use efficiency of 294.6 kg/ha/cm. The higher wheat yield resulting from deep tillage sufficient to break the plowpan in the rainfed experiment was likely due to improved adaptation of the plant to utilize residual soil moisture through a large number of roots distributed in the deep layers of soil profile.

Keywords: Tillage and lrrigation, Water use by wheat , Grey terrace soil of Bangladesh

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Dacca

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To compare three contrasting tillage practices on a Grey Terrace rice soil having well developed plowpan with respect to infiltration, root growth and use of residual soil profile moisture.

Methodology:

Two experiments, irrigated and rainfed with identical treatments, were conducted on a Grey Terrace Soil at the Central Station of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Dacca. This soil has a well developed plowpan formed about 8 cm depth of the profile due to conventional puddling for transplanted paddy cultivation .The pan has a compacted 3 cm thick dense platy layer with bulk density 1.8 g/cm³ . Roots of the previous rice crop were abundant above the pan accompanied with a large number of reddish brown mottles, mostly around the root channels. After harvest of the transplanted "aman" paddy, wheat was planted on variously tilled sites. A random complete block design with three replications was used. The three tillage treatments planted to wheat were defined as: l. Minimum tillage Seeds were sown without land preparation below 3 cm depth with a dibbler (T₀). 2. Conventional tillage - The land was plowed five times followed by laddering after the harvest of transplanted paddy and, the depth of the plowed layer was between 8 and l0 cm (T₁). 3. Deep tillage - The pan within 8 cm depth of the profile was broken with a tractor drawn chisel plow. The depth of the plowed layer was 30 cm (T₂). Two irrigation, one with 9.5 cm water at 2l days and another with 6.4 cm at 4l days after emergence of seedlings, were applied to the irrigated plots on the basis of calculated ET using the modified Penman Equation. The rainfed trial received no irrigation water. Soil moisture flux and soil water depletion were measured gravimetrically taking soil samples in increments from 0-80 cm depth of the profile at various intervals of time. Water infiltration was estimated using a double ring infiltrometers. Soil samples for root measurement were collected at the wheat grain filling stage after selecting a point mid-way between plants where an aluminium tubing of 5 cm in diameter was driven into the soil in l0 cm increments to 80 cm. The roots were separated from the soil in a stream of water on a 0.2 cm screen. Samples were stored in polythelene bags in a refrigerator until roots were counted.

Source of Information: VOL.I4 NO.2 1983 AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION IN ASIA, AFRICA AND LATIN AMERICA

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the irrigated area a maximum yield of 3.33 t/ha was produced from conventional tillage, but in the rainfed area, trial maximum yield of 2.25 t/ha, a 36% increase in yield over the conventional tillage was obtained from deep tillage. Cost of production of 100 kg grain was much higher, $7.5, in the rainfed conventional tillage compared to $4.5 in deep tillage with maximum water use efficiency of 294.6 kg/ha/cm. The higher wheat yield resulting from deep tillage sufficient to break the plowpan in the rainfed experiment was likely due to improved adaptation of the plant to utilize residual soil moisture through a large number of roots distributed in the deep layers of soil profile.

Knowledge Management: Journal