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Dose-effects of Gamma Rays and Ethyl Methanesulphonate in Jute Plant Characters

M. I. Akhtar
Economic Botany Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute.

M. M. Mia
Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Dry, dormant seeds of the variety D-154 of Corcborus capsularis L and the C. G. of C. olitorius L were treated with 60 to 90 Kr. doses of gamma rays, 0.05 to 0.20M of ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) and 60 Kr+0.05M of combined post-treatment. M_l populations were grown under field condition and dose-effects on some plant characters were studied. Plant height, flowering time and pollen stainability were decreased with the increase of doses. The percentage of sterile plants increased with the increase in dose of both the mutagens. Most of the cases, post-treatment produced more plant characters than either gamma rays or EMS in both the varieties.

Keywords: Jute, Ethyl Methanesulphonate, Gamma rays

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Jute

Objectives:

To establish the response patterns followed by two cultivated jute varieties to a range of doses of gamma rays and ethyl methanesulphonate.

Methodology:

Dry, dormant seeds of the variety D-154 of C. capsularis L and C.G. of C. olitorius L were subjected to gamma rays, EMS and combined treatments. In the case of gamma rays 60, 70, 80, 90 kr doses used and for that of EMS 0.05 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20M were used while in the case of post-treatment 60 Kr+0.05M was used. Five hundred seeds of each of the above two varieties for each dose were irradiated with gamma rays from a 5000 curie ⁶⁰CO source at the Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka. In the case of chemical treatments, seeds were immersed in freshly prepared molar solutions of EMS for 6 hours at room temperature. Conical flasks containing EMS solution and the seeds were shaked constantly by a shaker for uniform soaking of the chemicals. Control seed lot was kept immersed in distilled water for 6 hours. Five hundred seeds were used for each dose.

The seeds were washed thoroughly for 20 hours under running tap water at the end of treatment period. Treated seeds were sown carefully at separate installments in petri dishes, pots and in the field to determine the optimum dose of gamma rays and EMS. After 45 days from the date of sowing the optimum dose of gamma rays and EMS was found to be 60 Kr and 0.05M respectively for combined treatments. For post-treatment, five hundred seeds from each of the two varieties were first irradiated with 60 Kr of gamma rays and then treated with 0.05M of EMS for 6 hours with continuous shaking. The treated seeds were then washed in running tap water. The treated seeds along with the control were grown in the field. The various techniques involved in determining the different characters were as follows:

Plant heights in centimeters were measured from the soil surface to the top-most point of the plants just before harvesting. The number of days from sowing to flowering was counted for each dose of both the variety separately. The date of flowering was considered to be the date on which 50% of the population in each treatment had more than one opened flower. The study of pollen stainability was made when majority of the plants of each dose were in bloom. Twenty freshly opened flowers were picked-up at random from each dose just after opening and 200 pollen grains from each flower were studied from two random fields' of view under the microscope. The pollen grains failing to stain in 2% acetocarmine were noted to be sterile ones.The sterile - plants were counted at the time o(harvest. Plant sterility were of two types: (1) Complete sterility and (2) Partial sterility. The complete sterile plants were those which flowered but did not bear any fruit and fruits possessed no seeds while the partial sterile ones possessed a few pods filled with shrunken and non-viable seeds. The percentage of sterile plants were calculated from the number of plants studied.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture, Vol-3, N0-1, Pag:289-290, June-1978

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From this studies may be stated that considerable variation have been observed (1) between varieties, (2) between mutagens, gamma rays and ethyl methanesulphonate, with regard to the manifestations of all the plant characters. Although apparently a differential action of different doses of both the mutagens has been observed in both the varieties but considering the doses together it is evident that the variation for most cases have been in the species level, C. capsularis being more resistant than C. olitorius.

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