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Urban Heat Island Effects in Sylhet City

M. A. I. Chowdhury
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet

S. Ahmmed
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet

A. F. M. K. Chowdhury
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet

S. Islam
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Sylhet, the spiritual capital of Bangladesh, known as the “green city” surrounded by green trees and hilly areas is recently being turned to urban heat island (UHI) due to the high rate of unplanned urbanization added by global warming effects caused by climate change by increasing temperature abruptly. The study explores the present scenario of UHI effects in Sylhet City that highlights the status of UHI, its impacts on energy use and public health as well as the day to day life of city dwellers. Sylhet city located in the monsoon climatic zone experiences the annual average highest temperatures of 31°C during July-August and average lowest temperature of 10°C in January; in 2009, highest temperature of Sylhet city reaches to about 40⁰C in a few summer days. Besides, the asphalt roads of Sylhet city comprised of a wide range of dry and dark surfaces being elongated and expanded with the increase of incredible population and unexpected development pattern absorbs more sunlight resulting to the rigorous urban heat island effects. Finally the relevant guidelines to mitigate the UHI effects in Sylhet city have been suggested in the paper.

Keywords: Deforestation, Plantation, Infrastructure, Summertime temperature

Location: Urban Heat Island (UHI), Sylhet

Start Date: 00-01-2009

End Date: 00-08-2009

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Non-commodity: Temperature

Objectives:

1. To detect the particular causes of UHI effects of Sylhet City, 2. To determine the raising of summertime temperature due to UHI effects, 3. To know how this increment of energy use impacts the production of power-plants and how it results into the green-house effects. 4. To study the heat related health hazards, being occurred by the UHI effects.

Methodology:

Both primary and secondary data have been used in conducting the study. Primary data have been collected by applying qualitative technique like depth interview and personal contact approach. Data have been collected purposively from different respondents group of the city dwellers. Their opinion has been collected to get an insight into existing situation of UHI effects in the city. Their suggestion has also been considered in the study. Secondary data have been collected through pursuing different reports and publications of Civil & Environmental Engineering Department of Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, City Corporation, web materials, various articles, journals and books. The research design is based on the evaluation of impact of building and road constructions by GIS & Remote Sensing. It is composed of mainly satellite and other data collection, satellite data classification, statistics generation from the data, over maps of different year image for change analysis and vector and raster data integration and analysis. Study Area: The study is conducted on Ward No. 7 of Sylhet City Corporation (SCC) shown in figure 2 at Al-Hamra Shopping City, City Center, Blue Water Shopping Complex and several other places of Sylhet City during March to December 2009. Sylhet is a major city of 26.5 sq. km of area in north-eastern Bangladesh. It is the main city of Sylhet Division and Sylhet District, and was granted metropolitan city status in March 2009. Sylhet is located on the banks of the Surma River and is surrounded by the Jaintia, Khasia and Tripura hills. The city is approaching a population of 800,000 people while also having a high population density.

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 3(1): 185-189, 2010; ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Urban Heat Islands can be treated as Models for Climate Change Research. Approximately half of the world’s population currently lives in cities, and this value is expected to increase to 61% by 2030. The high rate of urbanization, particularly in the tropics, means that increasing numbers of people will be exposed to impacts resulting from heat islands in the future.

Knowledge Management: Journal