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Monitoring of Water Quality at Raw, Treated and Consumer's Level of Saidabad Water Treatment Plant, Dhaka

Sadia Afrin Jame
Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342. Bangladesh.

A. K. M. Rashidul Alam
Institutc of Food and Radiation Biology. AERE, G.P.O. Box 3787. Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.

A. N. M. Fakhruddin
Departmcnt of Soil. Water and Environment, University of Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Monitoring of drinking water quality of Dhaka city emphasizing on Saidabad water treatment plant was performed from July 2005 to February 2006. Average total viable bacterial count (TVBC), total coliform count CCC), total faecal coliform count (TFCC), total faecal staphylococcal count (TFSC) and total fungal count (TFC) in raw, treated and consumer's level water were 306 x 10² cfu/ml, 47 x 102 cfu/ml, 392 cfu/rnl. 39 cfu/rnl, 15 cfu/rnl; 11 cfu/ml, 713 cfu/rnl, zero, 10 cfu/rnl, zero and 556x 10' cfu/ml, 5 cfu/ml, 56 cfu/ml. 2 cfu/ml, 4 cfu/ml, respectively. Thiny bacterial strains were isolated - 14 were identified as Escherichia coli, 8 were Klebsiella oiaenae. 3 as Staphylococcus faccalis and remaining 5 as Klebsiella pneutnoniae. Total hurdness. total alkalinity, temperature, pH, DO, BOD, CI- concentration and NO₃ content were 92.3 - 130.25 mg/I, 76.77 - 92.45 mg/1. 25-32 "c. 6.42-7.5, 6.02 - 6.62 mg/I, 7.94 - 8.76 mg/I, 4.12-15.39 mg/I and 27.80 - 46.11 mg/I in raw water; 50.18 . 65.3 mg/l, 12.21 - 38.3 mg/l, 23-25° C. 6.9 _ 7.5, 6.95 _ 8.5 mg/I, 8.3 - 8'(l) mg/l, 3.24-5.38 mg/I and 7250 - 82.02 mg/: in purified water and 76.32 90.05 mg/I, 65.32 - 69.25mg/I, 24-29°C, 7.4-7.66, 5.64 - 723 mg./I, 8.42 - 9.32 mg/I, 6.12 - 7.95 mg/I and 32.63 _ 1562 mg/I in consumer's level drinking water, respectively. Strong positive correlation exist among TVBC and with total hardness (r=0.900), total alkalinity (r=0.887), temperature (r=0.697) and nitrate nitrogen (r=0.771) content of water, The pH (r=-0.28) and chlorine (r=-0.177) content were negatively correlated with TVBC. Total alkalinity (r=0.888), total hardness (r=0.877), temperature (r= 0.697) and nitrate nitrogen (r= 0.751) were positively correlated with TCC. TFCC was strongly related with total hardness (r= 0.(21), total alkalinity (r=0.862), temperature (r=0.67I ) and nitrate nitrogen (r= 0.893). The total hardness (r'=0.919). temperature (r= 0.710) and total alkalinity (r=0.838) were positively related with TFSC. Total hardness. total alkalinity (r=0.829), temperature (r'=0.638) and nitrate nitrogen (r=0.827) were positively correlated with TFC. The rate or microbial load was higher in consumer's level drinking water than rh.n or purified water,

Keywords: Microbial load, Physico-chemical characteristics, Supply water.

Location: Saidabad water treatment plant, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-07-2005

End Date: 00-02-2006

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water quality

Objectives:

To determine the content of microbial load and physico-chemical characteristics of drinking water

Methodology:

One liter of water each from inlet point (raw water), outlet point (treated water) of the treatment plant and from the tap of consumer's were collected for analysis at every week in sterile glass bottles at 11 am to 1 pm from July 2005 to February 2006. The sample was taken from the source (raw water) indicated as R, treated water as T and the consumer's level water as C. Microbiological and chemical analysis of collected samples were conducted as early as possible to avoid any alteration of the samples. All samples were kept at 0-4°C till analysis. All the samples were divided randomly into two lots. The first lot was taken for immediate bacterial analysis and measurement of pl-I, whereas the second lot was acidified with HCl for determination of physico-chemical properties. Total viable bacterial count (TYBC) and total coliform count (TCC) was conducted by decimal dilution technique followed by standard spread plate count on Nutrient agar and MacConkey agar plate as described. Total fecal coliform (TFCC) and total fecal streptococcal counts (TFSC) were conducted by modified membrane filter counting technique (APHA, 1998). from each of the collected bottle 100 ml of water were passed aseptically through sterile Millipore membrane filters to sieve the bacteria present in the water samples. On the basis of different morphological characteristics on solid agar plates bacteria were isolated and purified by repeated subculture on solid agar. Isolated bacteria were identified according to methods described in Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology and Manual for the identification of Medical Bacteria. Pearson correlation (2 tailed) was performed to determine the interrelationship between microbial load and same physico-chemical characteristics of water.

Source of Information: Bangladesl Jaurnal of Environmental Research, Vol. 6, 75-83. 2008

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The rate of microbial load i.e. TYBC, TCC, TFCC, TFSC and TFC were higher in consumer's level than that of purified water. So, there might be a possibility of biofilm formation in the distribution pipes of Saidabad water treatment plant. Drinking water quality was far below from its safety level in Dhaka city. The species present in biofilm is a complex aggregation of microorganisms that may vary in both place and time depending upon the nutrients and amount of oxygen present in water, temperature and pH of water, integrity of the distribution network, chlorine disinfectant residual velocity of water and the pipe material. So, further investigation is needed for determining the microbial composition and water quality of biofilm in distribution network for safe drinking water.

Knowledge Management: Journal