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Potato (solanum Tuberosum L.) Variety Development Through Hybridization: a New Era in Bangladesh

B. C. KUNDU
Senior Scientific Officer
Tuber Crops Research Centre (TCRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur

M.S. ISLAM
Chief Scientific officer and head
TCRC, BARI, Gazipur,

M. A. KAWOCHAR
Scientific Officer
TCRC, BARI, Gazipur,

M. H. RASHID
Ex Director, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Systematic research on potato variety development has been in practice in Bangladesh since 1960, but until 2012, not a single variety was developed in this country through conventional breeding method, mainly due to the short day climatic factors which are not congenial for potato plants to flower. Due to the diversified efforts, TCRC scientists were able to make a breakthrough to overcome the climatic barriers. Flowering was induced in HYV potatoes and produce berries in the year 2000. After hybridization and continuous selection, five hybrid clones were placed in a RYT in 2010-11 from a batch of 502 kg F1 seedling tubers produced from 45 gram hybrid seeds of 2001-02. Based on the performances of SYT, AYT, RYT and on-farm trials, three varieties were released by the NSB in 2012 as BARI Alu-35, BARI Alu-36, and BARI Alu-37. Their genotype numbers are 4.5W, 4.26R, and 4.40, their mean yields were 38.36, 33.82, and 34.88 t/ha in AYT, 44.01, 41.84, and 40.58 t/ha in RYT, and 38.87, 38.52, and 37.53 t/ha in on-farm trials, respectively.

Keywords: Potato, Hybridization, Bangladesh.

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Potato

Objectives:

The major objective of the hybridization process is to develop new varieties with high yield, good marketability, disease and insect tolerance/resistance, good keeping quality, and wider adaptability.

Methodology:

Potato breeding following hybridization is a complex and lengthy procedure developed through trials and errors of 1980s and 1990s (Rashid, 1993). Even after several treatment combinations, maximum varieties, especially long day adapted European ones could not be induced flower under Bangladesh condition. To overcome all the problems, breeding facilities were developed both at Joydebpur and Debigonj. Hybridization was done in open field under extended photoperiod up to 11 pm every day with the help of High Pressure Sodium lights maintaining a minimum of 500 Lux at plant level starting from the emergence to senescence of plants. After flowering, hybridization is made in possible combinations. Seeds are sown in specially prepared beds after breaking dormancy of the true seeds. Following procedure is generally followed to develop a variety after hybridization: Procedure of variety development of potato through hybridization-Seeds are sown at 10x10cm spacing on the seed beds under net house. Plants are harvested at 110 days. One tuber is selected per seedling. Only tubers of desired shape, size and color are selected.-

Tubers are planted at wide spacing (70x40cm) under net house. Check varieties are planted in between two progenies. 5-10% hills are selected based on yield, tuber size, shape and color. Each hill is bagged separately (8 to 10 tubers/bag).-Each bag (7 tubers) are planted in one row at 70 x 40 cm spacing under net house. Rows with desirable plants are marked at 60 DAP. At 90 DAP, all plants are harvested, data are recorded from five good plants. Good rows are selected based on size, shape, color and yield of tubers, and foliage type. Selected five hills are bulked for seed.-In this generation ten tubers from each bag is planted under the net house for seed multiplication, the rest seeds are planted in one bed at 60 X 40 cm spacing under open field (usually three rows of ten tubers each). First selection is based on the plant type and disease tolerance/resistance at 60 DAP, and final selection is done on yield and tuber qualities. All tubers of each clone are bulked except poor yielding plants. Two checks BARI Alu-7(Diamant) and BARI Alu-8 (Cardinal) are always maintained at same spacing.-In this generation similar methods are followed. Selected clones are planted for seed increase to conduct replicated yield trial in the next generation. Undesirable clones are rejected.-3 rows of 10 tubers each are planted in 3 replicated plots at two locations at 60 × 25 cm spacing in open field. Two checks are used. Clones are selected based on foliage type, tuber yield and tuber qualities. Harvested seeds are bulked for seed.-3 rows of 10 tubers each are planted in 3 replicated plots at six locations at 60x25 cm spacing in open field. Two checks are used. Clones are selected based on selection criteria (score sheet). Harvested seeds are bulked for seed.-5 rows of 12 tubers each are planted in 3-4 replicated plots at six locations at 60x25 cm spacing. Two checks are used. Clones are selected based on selection criteria (score sheet) and regional choice. Harvested seeds are bulked for seed. Early variety, late planting, processing, storability, disease pressure, agronomic trials and participatory variety trials (PVS), etc. are done separately in this generation. Selection is based on all of the trials. A review meeting is done for selection of varieties to be placed in the RYT in the next season. PVS trial results, yield stability, farmers’ preference, storability, etc. are considered during selection.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(4): 637-646, December 2013 ISSN 0258-7122

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

These three varieties 4.5W, 4.26R, and 4.40 were released by NSB in 2012 as BARI Alu-35, BARI Alu-36, and BARI Alu-37.

Knowledge Management: Journal