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Optimum Water Use in Conservation Tillage for Wheat Cultivation

K. K. SARKER
Department of Agricultural Engineering
China Agricultural University, P. O. Box No. 46, Beijing 100083, P. R. China

P. K. SARKAR
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

A. Z. SARKER
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

A. M. F. T. ISLAM
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

WANG XIAOYAN
Department of Agricultural Engineering, China Agricultural University, P. O. Box No. 46, Beijing 100083, P. R. China

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Conservation tillage system offers numerous benefits over intensive tillage system. This experiment was conducted on conservation tillage using zero tilldrill, power tiller operated seeder (PTOS) and bed planter along with farmer’s practice of tillage by rotary tiller under different irrigation levels at Wheat Research Centre (WRC), Nashipur, Dinajpur. Irrigation water was applied by 5 irrigation levels at different growth stages of the crop. The irrigation levels were I₀ (No irrigation), I₁ (17-21 DAS), I₂ (17-21 DAS + 50-55 DAS), I₃ (17-21 DAS + 50-55 DAS + 75-80 DAS), and I₄ (17-21 DAS + 35-40 DAS + 50-55 DAS + 75 – 80 DAS). It was observed that the sowing cost was reasonably reduced than that of the farmer's practice. Seasonal water use was less in PTOS than other tillage methods. Grain yield was significantly affected by tillage methods. The higher grain yield was found from PTOS, bed planting, and zero tillage than that of farmer's practice. There was no significant difference within the interaction effect of tillage methods and irrigations. The effect of irrigation level was found highly significant on grain yield. Water use efficiency increased with decrease of irrigation water use and decreased with increase of irrigation. Average yields in all tillage methods under I₁, I₂, I₃, and I₄ irrigation levels were found to increase by 33, 43, 52, and 51 percent, respectively, compared to that of I₀.

Keywords: Conservation tillage, Zero till-drill, PTOS, Bed planting, and irrigation water

Location: Wheat Research Centre , Nashipur, Dinajpur

Start Date: 00-00-2008

End Date: 00-00-2009

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Watershed management

Objectives:

(i) To compare the sowing cost for different tillage methods.

(ii) To determine the seasonal water use in different tillage.

(iii) To determine the effects of tillage and irrigation water on crop yield.

Methodology:

The study was conducted during the rabi season of 2008-09 at the Wheat Research Centre (WRC), Nashipur, Dinajpur. The site was situated at 250 45/ N latitude and 880 40/ E longitude. The topography of the study area was mainly medium high land and moderately well drained and falls under the old Himalayan Piedmont Plain. The topsoil was non-calcareous brown flood plain (BBS, 2004). The weather of the study area is sub-tropical. During the growing season of wheat, the mean 15 days average weather data were collected from the WRC weather station. Soil samples were collected from 0 – 15, 15 – 30, and 30 – 45 cm depth of the experimental plots randomly to determine soil moisture, bulk density and field capacity by oven dry method. The data on the other major property of soil, such as soil type was collected from the research report of Bodruzzaman and others (2003). The field experiment was laid out in two factors Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) using strip plots arrangement and replicated thrice. The unit plot size was 25 m² . The research was conducted in zero tillage (ZT), bed planting (BP), power tiller operated seeder (PTOS), and farmer’s practice (FP) under different irrigation levels. Irrigation schedule was done in conformation with recommended irrigation practices in the experimental plots (Khair, 1995). Treatment combination comprised 5 levels of irrigation during wheat growth stages at I0 (Irrigation no.), I ₁ (17-21 DAS), I₂ (17-21 DAS + 50-55 DAS), I₃ (17- 21 DAS + 50-55 DAS + 75-80 DAS), and I₄ (17-21 DAS + 35-40 DAS + 50-55 DAS + 75 – 80 DAS). Irrigation scheduling and application rate of each irrigation water for wheat was based on field capacity. Each levee of the plots was compacted manually and used plastic sheet to prevent the seepage and lateral movement. The rainfall (Rf) data was measured using rain gauge. The actual requirement was the depth of water needed to bring the crop rooting zone to field capacity uniformly throughout the field. The net irrigation depth was calculated.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(1): 27-37, March 2012, ISSN 0258-7122

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It was observed that the sowing cost was reasonably reduced than that of the farmer's practice. Seasonal water use was less in PTOS than other tillage methods. Grain yield was significantly affected by tillage methods. The higher grain yield was found from PTOS, bed planting, and zero tillage than that of farmer's practice. There was no significant difference within the interaction effect of tillage methods and irrigations. The effect of irrigation level was found highly significant on grain yield. Water use efficiency increased with decrease of irrigation water use and decreased with increase of irrigation. Average yields in all tillage methods under I₁, I₂, I₃, and I₄ irrigation levels were found to increase by 33, 43, 52, and 51 percent, respectively, compared to that of I₀.

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