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Genetic Variability, Character Association and Path Analysis in Maize (zea Mays L.)

S. Begum
Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

A. Ahmed
Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

S. H. Omy
Scientific officer
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

M. M. Rohman
Senior Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, BARI, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

M. Amiruzzaman
Principal Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, BARI, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Twenty-two maize hybrids were evaluated to find out their variability, character association and path coefficient of grain yield and its component characters. Significant differences were found among the genotypes for the characters studied. Ear length and grain yield (t/ha) had moderate genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), but the had the low environmental co-efficient of variation (ECV). The heritability for all the characters was high. The characters viz. plant height, ear height and 1000-grain weight, showed high heritability along with high genetic advance. Ear length, ear diameter and kernel per row had highly significant positive correlation with grain yield. However, the deviations between genotypic and phenotypic correlation and magnitude of environmental correlation suggested considerable influence of growing environment in expressing almost all the characters. Path coefficient analysis revealed that plant height (0.659), ear length (0.934) and kernel-rows per ear (0.715) had highly significant positive direct effect on grain yield suggesting their importance during selection. Simultaneous restricted selection should be done for number of kernel rows per ear.

Keywords: Genetic variability, Heritability, Character association, Path analysis, Zea mays.

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2013

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Maize

Objectives:

To derive information on variability, correlations and path coefficient among characters in newly developed S 4 lines derived from commercial hybrid 900M.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted with 22 genotypes including F₁s generated from crosses of selected S₄ lines and four different testers viz., L22, BIL28, BIL106 and BIL110 along with three commercial checks viz., BHM 9, 900 M and BHM 7. The crosses were produced in 2012-13 and the genotypes were evaluated at the research field of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, during winter 2013-14. Each entry was raised in two rows maintaining space of 75 cm × 20 cm. The recommended package of production practices was followed to raise a good crop. Observations were recorded from ten randomly selected plants for each replication on days to 50% tasseling and 50% silking, plant height (cm), ear height (cm), ear length (cm), ear diameter (cm), number of kernel-rows per ear (R/E), number of kernels per row (K/R), 1000-grain weight (g) and grain yield (t/ha). The phenotypic, genotypic, environmental variances and heritability were estimated. The phenotypic, genotypic and environmental coefficients of variances were estimated and categorized as low (>10%), moderate (10-20%) and high (<20%). Heritability was calculated and categorized as low (>30%), moderate (30-60%) and high (<60%). Genetic advance and genetic advance as percent of mean and phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlation coefficients were worked out by following the method, and the range of genetic advance as per cent of mean is also classified as low (>10%), moderate (10-20%) and high (<20%). Path analysis was carried out using the genotypic correlation coefficient.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41 (1): 173 - 182 , March 2016, ISSN 0258 - 7122 (Print), 2408 - 8293 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v41i1.27682

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the analysis of variability, it can be concluded that phenotypic selection for ear length and grain yield will be effective. As plant height, ear height and 1000-grain weight revealed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance therefore, selection may be effective for these three traits. From correlation coefficient and path analysis, it was found that plant height, ear length and kernel rows per ear had positive correlation coefficient with grain yield and had high direct positive effect on yield. Though number of kernels per row had low positive direct effect on grain yield, it had highly significant positive correlation coefficient with grain yield. Similarly though ear diameter had low negative direct effect on yield, it had highly significant positive correlation coefficient with grain yield. Thus selection for these characters could be considered as important criteria in improving grain yield of maize.

Knowledge Management: Journal