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Production of Jute Yarns with Low Content of Unsaponifiable Matters

F. A. Dilruba
Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh

M. N. Amin
Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh

M. E. Molla
Chemistry Department, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh.

S. M. B. Rahman
Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh

Shamina Jafrin
Chemical Processing Department, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Castor oil having low content of unsaponifiable matters was chosen for the development of new jute batching emulsion processes. The suitability of the castor oil was also assessed in terms of its favourable colour, odour, specific gravity, acid value, iodine value, saponification value, viscosity, pour points and flash points in comparison to those of conventional JBO. Different recipes for the production of emulsions were standardized in the industrial scale and their suitability were assessed according to their stability, specific gravity, temperature, viscosity and pour points. The recipes were used to spin jute fibre in the jute mill machines. The yarn products were studied to evaluate their work performances based on their physico-chemical properties: moisture regain, t.p.i., W.I., count, strength, tenacity, extension, textile modulus, toughness, QR, oil content and unsaponifiable matters. The yarn products were particularly evaluated in terms of their unsaponifiable matters based on the IJSG criterion. The yarns of processes show quality ratio 93.93 to 104.20 and unsaponifiable matters ranging from 126.05 to 414.92 mg/kg yarn and easily pass the IJSG criterion. The processes therefore appear to be of commercial importance.

Keywords: Food items, IJSG criterion, JBO, Jute sacks, Unsaponifiables, Vegetable oils.

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Postharvest and Agro-processing

Commodity: Jute

Objectives:

Earlier some works [1,14] were carried for batching jute fibre by using castor oil and jute seed oil. The papers did not cover some important parameters such as flash point, viscosity, pour point and unsaponifiable matters of the new oils and emulsions in comparison to JBO and emulsion and their respective yarn products. The in-depth studies of these parameters are thus required to be investigated. So the present work was undertaken.

Methodology:

2.1 Materials Bangladesh white jute fibres of pucca grade C (to be designated henceforth as BWC) were collected from the Amin Jute Exporters, Khanpur, Narayangonj. Castor oil (Commercial Grade, Made in Taiwan) was purchased from the local market. The JBO and the Nonidet P-40 (an emulsifying agent) were procured from the Padma Oil Company Ltd, Goadnyl, Narayangonj for the study. 2.2 Methods 2.2.1 Determination of the Physico-Chemical Properties of Castor Oil and JBO The specific gravity, acid value and saponification value, iodine value , viscosity, flash point, pour point and unsaponifiable matters of the JBO and those of the castor oil were determined by the standard methods. The odour and colour were also determined by smelling and visually. The results are summarized. 2.2.2 Standardization of Emulsion Processes Based on the optimum laboratory process results, four different emulsion processes (i.e. C-1, C-2, C-3 & C-4) were standardized in industrial emulsion tank (Rapisonic Emulsion Plant type JA, FR33 manufactured by Douglas Fraser and Sons Limited, United Kingdom) by using castor oil, nonidet P-40 (emulsifier) and water in different proportions. The emulsion ingredients and process parameters such as stability (S) in hours (h), specific gravity (D), temperature ⁰C (T) of the processes (C-1 to C-4) are summarized. The parameters of viscosity and pour points of the emulsion processes in comparison to JBO emulsion process are also presented. 2.2.3 The Application of Emulsions and Spinning of BWC into Yarns BWC (100kg/batch) were batched with the respective emulsion (20kg/batch), piled (48h), and then subjected to mechanical processing machine (Jute Mills Machinery of the James Mackie & Sons Ltd., Belfast, UK) for carding, drawing and spinning to convert into yarns. 2.2.4 Determination of Moisture Regain and Bundle Strength The moisture regain (%MR) and Bundle Strength (mg/lb) of the BWC at the different stages of mechanical processing stages were determined. The results are presented 2.2.5 Determination of Dust Content The loss of fibres as dust at the Breaker Card (B.C.) and Finisher Card (F.C.) were determined. The results are summarized. 2.2.6 Determination of the Physico-Chemical Properties of the Yarns of Different Castor Oil and JBO Processes The physical properties of the yarns relating to count, breaking load, breaking tenacity, extension, textile modulus, toughness and quality ratio were determined by Instron. Oil content and unsaponifiable matters were determined by standard method . The moisture Regain (%), twist per inch (t.p.i.), and the whiteness index of the yarns were determined by standard methods.

Source of Information: DAFFODIL INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME 5, ISSUE 1, JANUARY 2010

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the foregoing discussion it is clear that a significant achievement has been obtained to overcome present burning problem of jute industry. The JBO contains kerosenic odour and a high level of unsaponifiable matters and as such it cannot continue further for batching of jute fibres in order to produce jute sacks for foodstuffs. As a matter of fact, alternative batching method with an oil of low content of unsaponifiable matter and good odour is essential. The readily available and annually renewable castor oil contains very little unsaponifiable matters (1.03%) having a good odour. The standardized process involving castor oil-7%, nonidet (P-40)-1.0% and water-90% shows around 144 hours stability at ambient temperature indicating smooth and safe use in jute industry. The process, therefore, appear to be modest and demonstrable in jute industry.

Knowledge Management: Journal