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Long Term Fertilizers Residual Effects on Weed Flora of Wheat in Rice-wheat Crop Rotation

Akbar Hossain
Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

M.Z. Islam
Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

M.A.I. Sarker
Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

M.R. Kabir
Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

M. Bodruzzaman
Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A long-term field experiment was conducted in Wheat Research Centre, Nashipur, Dinajpur (25°38´ N, 88°41´ E and 38.20 meter above sea level), Bangladesh to investigate the direct, renewed and residual effect of organic manures in combination with chemical fertilizers on weed flora of wheat in rice-wheat crop rotation. The experiment was laid out with nine treatments in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments were: 1) absolute control (no fertilizers, no manures), 2) 100% NPKSZn of recommended dose, 3) 75% NPKSZn of recommended dose, 4) 75% NPKSZn+ farm yard manure (FYM) applied in wheat (a direct effect for wheat and residual effect for rice), 5) 75% NPKSZn + FYM applied in both wheat and rice (a renewed effect for both continuing crops), 6) 75%NPKSZn + FYM applied in rice (a direct effect for rice and a residual effect for wheat), 7) 75% NPKSZn + poultry manure (PM) applied in wheat (a direct for wheat and a residual effect for rice), 8) 75% NPKSZn + PM applied in both wheat and rice (a renewed effect) and 9) 75% NPKSZn + PM applied in rice (a direct effect for rice and a residual effect for wheat). Data on only weed flora of wheat in 2008-09 wheat season is presented in this paper. It was observed 6 species (Digitaria spp., Oryza sativa, Cynodon dactylon, Setaria glauca, Echinochloa crusgalli and Eleusine indica) of narrow leaved belonged to family Poaceae and 9 species (Chenopodium album, Hedyotis brachypoda, Stellaria media, Vicia hirsuta, Oxalis europea, Sesbania rostata, Physalis heterophylla, Polygonum hydropiper and Alternanthera philoxeroides) of broad leaved belonged to 7 families (Chenopodiaceae, Rubiaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Leguminosae, Oxalidaceae, Solanaceae and Amaranthaceae) were recorded in the experimental field. Considering on density, relative density, family and habit, narrow leaved, family Poaceae and annual broad leaved species were dominant in the experiment field.

Keywords: Long-term, Fertilizer, Residual effect, Weed flora, Wheat

Location: Wheat Research Centre, Nashipur, Dinajpur

Start Date: 00-00-2008

End Date: 00-00-2009

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Wheat, Rice

Objectives:

1. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of rotation and fertilizers residual effects on weed flora of wheat.

Methodology:

The Agro Ecological Zone (AEZ) of the experimental area is Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain (AEZ-1). The geographical position of the area is between 25°38´ N, 88°41´ E and 38.20 meter above sea level. The experimental site was covering about 21% wheat areas of the country. The climate of the district is suitable due to comparatively cooler and longer winter.The experiment was conducted in the fixed experimental site of the Research Farm of Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh, continued to 11 years. The layout of the plots was kept undisturbed for growing both wheat and rice. The treatments were: 1) absolute control (no fertilizers, no manures), 2) 100% NPKSZn of recommended dose, 3) 75% NPKSZn of recommended dose, 4) 75% NPKSZn+ farm yard manure (FYM) applied in wheat (a direct effect for wheat and residual effect for rice), 5) 75% NPKSZn + FYM applied in both wheat and rice (a renewed effect for both continuing crops), 6) 75%NPKSZn + FYM applied in rice (a direct effect for rice and a residual effect for wheat), 7) 75% NPKSZn + poultry manure (PM) applied in wheat (a direct for wheat and a residual effect for rice), 8) 75% NPKSZn + PM applied in both wheat and rice (a renewed effect) and 9) 75% NPKSZn + PM applied in rice (a direct effect for rice and a residual effect for wheat). One hundred percent rates of recommended chemical fertilizers for both wheat and rice were 26kg P, 33kg K, 20kg S and 4 kg Zn ha^-1. However, the 100% recommended rate of nitrogen was 100 and 70kg ha^-1 for wheat and rice, respectively. Organic manures, both PM and FYM were incorporated @ the rate of 10 t ha^-1 to soil 4-5 and 15 days before seeding wheat and transplanted Data on only weeds flora of wheat in 2008-09 wheat season is presented in this paper. Observations on weed density were recorded using quadrate method. Data on different weed species were recorded at 30 days after sowing. Weeds inside the quadrate measuring 1m x 1m were identified and counted. The species were identified with the help of the books ‘Bangladesher Agacha Parichiti’ and Major Weeds of the Philippines. The weeds were then uprooted carefully. The uprooted weeds were washed thoroughly in clean water and dried first in the sun for two days and thereafter in an electric oven for 48 hours at 80°C. The weight of the dried sample was taken and the average data were expressed as weed dry weight (g m^-2). Density of different weeds was determined and relative density and dry weight of each species was calculated.

Source of Information: BANGLADESH RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS JOURNAL; ISSN: 1998-2003, Volume: 3, Issue: 1, Page: 861-872, September-October, 2009

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It was observed 6 species (Digitaria spp., Oryza sativa, Cynodon dactylon, Setaria glauca, Echinochloa crusgalli and Eleusine indica) of narrow leaved belonged to family Poaceae and 9 species (Chenopodium album, Hedyotis brachypoda, Stellaria media, Vicia hirsuta, Oxalis europea, Sesbania rostata, Physalis heterophylla, Polygonum hydropiper and Alternanthera philoxeroides) of broad leaved belonged to 7 families (Chenopodiaceae, Rubiaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Leguminosae, Oxalidaceae, Solanaceae and Amaranthaceae) were recorded in the experimental field. Considering on density, relative density, family and habit, narrow leaved, family Poaceae and annual broad leaved species were dominant in the experiment field.

Knowledge Management: Journal