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Integrated Approach for Mitigating Drought in Transplanted Aman Rice in Northwest Region of Bangladesh

Dr M Towfiqul lslam
Senior scientific officer
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute.

Dr Lutfor Rahman Khan
Vice-Chancellor
BSMRAU.

Dr K M Hassanuzzaman
Professor
IWM, BAU.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted to mitigate drought in T. Aman cultivation. Drought severity (drought amount of a particular duration) was simulated by a conceptual daily water balance model. Data on daily rainfall and evapotranspiration, soil texture, seepage and percolation rate, crop growth duration, transplanting date and plot bund height were used in simulation. It was simulated at different growth phases and the entire growth period of T. Aman rice. The integrated approach included (I) selection of drought escaping variety, (2) determination of transplanting period in terms of drought risk and (3) determination of levee height responsible for reducing drought by conserving rainwater. Transplanting from 15 June to 25 July and from 15 June to 5 July were identified as low risk of drought for short and medium duration varieties, respectively. Levee height of 200 mm was found enough to address drought. The study suggests for transplanting a short duration variety (120-125 days), in low-risk transplanting period (from 15 June to 25 July) with 200 mm bund height to minimize drought in T. Aman cultivation in northwest region of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Drought, T. Aman, Bund, Simulation, Rainwater

Location: Nine locations of the northwest region of Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To understand the nature and extent of drought at farm level and to minimize drought severity.

Methodology:

Nine locations of the northwest region of Bangladesh were selected for this study based on extent and severity of drought. In this region, most of the farmers generally transplant a medium duration (140 days) rice variety on 15 July during Aman season (monsoon rice) keeping levee height 150 mm. This is the existing practice in this region. Drought in this study is defined as an event (occurred at any growth stage of the crop) during which rainfall and soil moisture together fail to meet consumptive use of the crop. Two important properties, drought amount and drought duration, were quantified in this study. Drought amount was considered as deficit water in the soil being equal to unfulfilled the demand of consumptive use of crop and drought duration was the period of time during which crop suffered from drought. Drought severity was the cumulative amount of drought for that duration. The amount and duration of drought in rainfed Aman rice cultivation were simulated on daily basis by a conceptual water balance model. Daily rainfall and evapotranspiration data of 30 years (1970-2000), soiI texture, seepage and percolation rate, growth duration of the crop, transplanted date and bund height of the rice plot were used for simulation. The approaches like (I) determination of transplanting period in terms of drought risk, (2) section of drought escaping variety and (3) determination of bund height of the plot were considered to minimize drought. Seven transplanting dates, from 15 June to 15 August with 10 days interval were considered to evaluate drought effect at different transplanting dates. Three different rice varieties having growth durations of 120, 140 and 160 days were selected and were recognized as V1,20, V140 and V160 in this study. Different bund height ranges from 100 to 300 mm were considered.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Rice J. 14 (I & 2): 169-173. 2009

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Transplanting a short duration variety (120 -125 days) at low risk transplanting period (from 15 June to 25 July) with 150-200 mm bund height is recommended to minimize drought for successful T. Aman cultivation in northwest region of Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal