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Effects of Water Stress and N-p Fertilizer Application on Nutrient Uptake and Grain Quality of Wheat (triticum Aestivum L.)

S. M. F. RABBI
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka,Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

T. H. KHAN
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka,Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

A. H. KHANI
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka,Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

S. HOQUE
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka,Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Water stress decreased N, P, K and S uptake in the shoot, root and grain of wheat. Phosphorus uptake in the shoot and root was increased at harvest and flowering stages, respectively. However, P uptake in grain was decreased by water stress. Total N, P, K and S uptake per plant were decreased by water stress treatments. Higher Nand P rates increased total N, P, K and S. uptake per plant under water stress. Water stress decreased translocation of N from the root to shoot but had little effect on translocation of phosphate and K while sulphate translocation to shoot was not restricted by water stress. Water stress decreased translocation of N, P, K and S to grains. Grain N, P, K, S and protein contents significantly increased by water stress at flowering stage.

Keywords: Water stress, Nutrient uptake, Wheat, Grain quality

Location: Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka

Start Date: 00-00-2001

End Date: 00-00-2001

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

1. To study the effects of water stress and N-P fertilizer application on N, P, K and S uptake and grain quality of wheat.

Methodology:

Soils of Chandina series (Loamy, Mixed, non-acid Aerie Haplaqept) was collected from 0 - 15 em depth in a composite manner. Five kg of air-dried (passed through 5 mm sieve) soil was taken into each of 25 x 25 cm earthen pot. Field capacity and wilting point (water content at 33 and 1500 kPa suction, respectively) of soil were determined using pressure plate apparatus. Fertilizer treatments were 100 and 150% of the recommended doses of N and P. The treatments were no (N₁) and 165 (N₂) kg N/ha, and 39 (P₁) and 58.5 (P₂) kg/ha. Recommended doses of K, S and Zn were also added to all pots. The water treatments were M₁ (no water stress, always at field capacity from emergence to harvest), M₂ (water stress at tillering stage for continuous 12 days and then re-watered to keep at field capacity till harvest) and M₃ (water stress imposed at flowering for continuous 12 days and re-watered to keep at field capacity till harvest). During the water stress condition water content, however, was not allowed to drop below wilting point. Wheat seeds (var. Kanchan) were sown and after emergence five seedlings were kept in each pot. Water treatments were maintained by weighting the pots at every alternate day. The weight loss was compensated by adding water to maintain 100% of field capacity (water contents of 30%). During stress periods no water was added but weights of the pots were taken everyday. When the water content dropped around wilting point (water content of 10%), water was added to bring the water level up to 12%. Plants samples were collected after each water stress treatment. Root samples were collected only at tillering and flowering stages. Plant samples were wet digested with nitric-perchloric acid for determination of total P, K and S. Phosphorus was determined by vanadomolybdate yellow colour method, K by Flame Photometer and S by turbidimetric method. Plant samples were also digested with sulphuric-percloric acid for the determination of N. Nitrogen was determined by mico-Kjeldahl method. Total nutrient uptake by plant was calculated at tillering stage, flowering stage and harvest. For statistical analysis split-split plot design was used.

Source of Information: Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 11(1): 17-24, 2002 (January)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Water stress decreased S uptake at all growth stages. It is generally accepted that in the synthesis of proteins each kind of amino acid in the peptide chain recurs at constant intervals, thus any factor that limits the synthesis of an amino acid required for a given protein would also limit the synthesis of the protein. Therefore, it is probable that the highly significant N and S interaction exists. Therefore, higher translocation of S to grain is associated with the high N translocation. Phosphorus is also translocated to grains at high percentage because P is essential constituent of nucleic acids, ATP, NAD and NADP, which are essential for metabolic activities.

Knowledge Management: Journal