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Evaluation of the Effects of Fertilizers on the Abundance of Plankton Population

M.A. Quader
Department of Youth Development, Bangladesh

M.A. Haque
Department of Fisheries, Bangladesh

M.S. Alam
Shushama Feed Ltd., Mymensingh

M.S. Rahman
Department of Fisheries, Bangladesh

M.R. Hasan
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib Fisheries College, Jamalpur

M. J. Islam
Department of Aquatic Resource Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted for a period of four months during August to November, 2004 to evaluate the effects of fertilizers on the abundance of plankton population. Three treatments namely T₁ (urea: 100 kg/ha + TSP: 50 kg/ha), T₂ (chicken manure: 2000 kg/ha + urea: 100 kg/ha + TSP: 50 kg/ha) and T₃ (cowdung: 4000 kg/ha + urea: 100 kg/ha + TSP: 50 kg/ha) were applied with duplicates for each of the treatment. Fertilizers were applied fortnightly. Four groups of phytoplankton such as Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Euglenophyceae and four groups of zooplankton viz. Rotifer, copepod, cladoceran and Nauplius were recorded in the present experiment. Cyanophyceae and Rotifer were found to be the most dominant groups over different groups of phytoplankton and zooplankton, respectively. The maximum abundance of phytoplankton was noted in T₂ whereas; the maximum abundance of zooplankton was recorded in T₁. On an average, the maximum abundance of different groups of phytoplankton was recorded in T₂; the maximum abundance of zooplankton was recorded in T₃. The physicochemical factors such as temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen and pH were considered in the present experiment and found within the productive range. Therefore, chicken manure is very much effective for higher biological production in a waterbody.

Keywords: Plankton, Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Euglenophyceae

Location: South-West corner of the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-08-2004

End Date: 00-11-2004

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Plankton

Objectives:

1. To study the effect of different treatments of cowdung, chicken manure, urea & TSP on plankton production in fish ponds with the objective of evaluation of effectiveness of fertilizers on the quantitative and qualitative production of plankton and physico -chemical conditions of the experimental ponds.

Methodology:

Study area and period: The present experiment was conducted for a period of four months from August to November, 2004 in ponds, situated at the South-West corner of the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. All these ponds were rectangular in shape having a surface area of 0.004 hectare. The average water depth was one meter. Experimental design: Three treatments namely T₁, T₂ and T₃ were randomly assigned in each block with two replications. Where T₁, represents ponds treated with inorganic fertilizer (Urea 100 Kg/ha + TSP 50 Kg/ha), T₂ represents ponds treated with a combination organic and inorganic fertilizers (chicken manure 2000 Kg/ha + Urea 100 Kg/ha + TSP 50 Kg/ha) and T₃ represents with a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer (cowdung 4000 Kg/ha + urea 100 Kg/ha + TSP 50 Kg/ha. Fertilizers were applied fortnightly. All the manures were applied into the ponds as slurry on wet weight basis and applied by spreading uniformly all over the pond water. Pond preparation: Before fertilization, all the ponds were made ready by taking some appropriate measures. Aquatic vegetations were cleared off manually, all the predatory and weed fishes were removed by repeated netting and then by using rotenone at a dose of 3 ppm. Liming was done at a rate of 1 Kg/decimal. Study of physico-chemical factors: The important factors such as water temperature, transparency, pH and dissolved oxygen content of the treated ponds were measured fortnightly at 10.00 - 11.00 A.M. during the study period. The temperature and dissolved oxygen of the ponds were determined by DO meter (YSI, model 58, made in USA.) pH changes were recorded by pH meter Wenway, model 3020, made in UK). Plankton study: Ten liters water samples were collected from the ponds for the quantitative and qualitative study of both phytoplankton and zooplankton from each pond just before successive fertilizations and then passed through plankton net of 55 blotting silk of 100 micron mesh size. The collected samples were concentrated to a volume of 25 ml and preserved in plastic vials with 5% formalin for further analysis. The numerical enumeration of both phytoplankton and zooplankton was done by Sedgewick-Rafter (S-R) counting cell which is 55 mm long, 20 mm wide and I mm deep. The volume of the chamber is 1 ml (1000 MM³ or 1 cc). The counting chamber is equally divided into 1000 fields. Each of the fields were having with a capacity of I microlitre. From the concentrated volume of the plankton samples, I ml was taken by a dropper and then put on the S-R cell. The counting chamber was covered with a cover slip so as to eliminate the air bubbles and left to stand for a few minutes to allow the plankton settle down and then it was placed under a microscope (magnification: 10 x 10) and both phytoplankton and zooplankton were counted from 10 random fields (units) out of 1000 units. The quantitative analysis of both phytoplankton and zooplankton were expressed as cells or units/litre. The qualitative analysis of plankton was done up to genus level. Statistical analysis: For statistical analysis of data, a one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) were done by using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version-11.5. Significance was assigned at the 5% level. Duncan's tests were used to test the results of multiple ranges for comparisons of averages.

Source of Information: J. Agrofor. Environ. 4 (1): 51-54, 2010; ISSN 1995-6983

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Cyanophyceae and Rotifer were found to be the most dominant groups over different groups of phytoplankton and zooplankton, respectively. The maximum abundance of phytoplankton was noted in T₂ whereas; the maximum abundance of zooplankton was recorded in T₁. On an average, the maximum abundance of different groups of phytoplankton was recorded in T₂; the maximum abundance of zooplankton was recorded in T₃. The physicochemical factors such as temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen and pH were considered in the present experiment and found within the productive range. Therefore, chicken manure is very much effective for higher biological production in a water body.

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