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Effect of Automobile Exhausts on Nutritional Status of Soil and Plant

S. M. lmamul Huq
Department of Soil, water and Environment, Dhaka University, Dhaka-1000.

M. N. Islam
Department of Soil, water and Environment, Dhaka University, Dhaka-1000.

M; Das
Department of Soil, water and Environment, Dhaka University, Dhaka-1000.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

For this research work. soil and plant samples were collected from the road side of Dhaka -Chittagong highway , Sample were analyzed after proper preparation for mineral nutrients especially nitrogen, phosphorus. potassium. sulfur and for heavy metals especially lead , zinc. manganese, iron, copper and nickel. These were done to asses the amount of heavy metals in soil and plan t as well as their effect on the nutritional status of soil and plant. It was found that the emission of Pb. Zn and S0₂ from automobile exhaust/ wastes cause the contamination of soil plant along the highway. Lead, zinc and other heavy metals emitted from the motor vehicle wastes negatively affect the phosphorus uptake of the plants. Nitrogen uptake or accumulation by the highway side plants were not affected by automobile exhausts in this present analysis. The sulfur content of soil and plant was high in highway side soils and plants as S0₂ is emitted .from the burning of fossil fuels and lubricants in the automobiles.

Keywords: Soil, Plants, Sutritional status, Automobile exhausts.

Location: Shanir Akhra to North end of Meghna Bridge, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soil fertility

Objectives:

To identify the effect of automobile exhausts on nutritional status of soil and plant.

Methodology:

Five sampling sites were selected covering the 32 kilometer of Qhaka Chittagong highway from Shanir Akhra to North end of Meghna Bridge. Three sampling spots were selected from each sampling site except site V. Soil and plant samples were collected from each spot. Soils of 0-15cm depth and natural as well as cultivated plants were collected. Soil samples were dried in air and sieved after grinding for chemical analysis. Plant samples were also dried, ground and stored in a dessicator. Soil samples were analyzed for physical , chemical and physi co-chemical studies. Total nitrogen of soil was determined by Kjeldahl distillation method after acid digestion. Available nitrogen was extracted by 2M KCl solution and then determined by Kjeldahl distillation method. Available heavy metals as Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni of soils were extracted with 0.1N HCl and IN NH₄0Ac (pH 3.0) and then the extract was analysed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Total nitrogen of plant samples was determined. similarly of soil after acid digestion. Total phosphorus was determined colorimetrically after ternary acid digestion (IRRJ. 1976). Sulfur in the plant sample was determined by turbidimetric analysis after digesting the sample by nitricperchloric acid mixture. Using the same nitricperchloric acid digested extract sodium and potasium are determined by using Galenkamp Flame Photometer and using the ternary acid digested extract Calcium and magnesium were determined by EDTA method. Heavy metals (Pb, Zn. Fe. Mn, Cu. Ni) of plant sample were determined in Perkin Elmer 3110 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer after digesting the plant samples by ternary acid mixture. Potassium and Na were determined by using a Galenkamp Flame Photometer after filtering calcium and magnesium were determined by using EDTA method. Sulfur was determined by turbidumetric method. Total phosphorus was determined following the ascorbic acid method after digesting it by HN0₃-HC10₄. Heavy metals were measured by using Perkin Elmer 3110 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer after filtering the sample.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Soil. Sci. 26: 103 - 111. 2000 (December)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Lead, zinc and other heavy metals are emitted from the automobile exhausts which causes the contamination of road side soil and plant and this contamination decreases with increasing distance from the highway. The investigation showed that. lead. zinc which emitted from automobile exhausts affect the nutritional status of plan t and soil especially phosphorus nutrition . Zinc negatively affects the phosphorus uptake by the plants and zinc can bind soil phosphorus from solution. Sulfur content in soil and plant increased with increasing the automobile exhausts. Automobile emitted air borne sulfur as so₂ or sulfur particles deposited on foliar surfaces of plant and on the soil. A significant correlation were observed between soil sulphur and soil Mn, Fe and Cu but no significant correlation was observed between plant heavy metals and plant sulfur.

Knowledge Management: Journal