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Performances of Two Commercially Available Newcastle Disease Vaccines in Bangladesh: a Case-control Study

M A Kashem
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Khulshi-4202, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

M A Hashem
Veterinary Surgeon, Chittagong City Corporation, Chittagong

M H B. Kabir
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Khulshi-4202, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

M I Uddin
Poultry Research and Training Centre, CVASU, Khulshi-4202, Chittagong, Bangladesh

B Hasan
Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted to test the performances of two commercially available live vaccines named BCRDV1 (VG/GA strain) and BCRDV2 (F-strain). A total of 90 day-old broiler birds were divided into three different groups and the serum samples were collected at day 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35; mean±SD of Haemgglutination Inhibition (HI) titres (log2) were found as 8±0.00, 7.2±0.89, 6.1±0.9, 7.1±0.75, 5.7±0.72, 4.1±0.68 and 8±0.00, 6.0±0.76, 4.8±0.81, 5.8±0.83, 4.9±0.86, 3.8±0.77 in group I and group II respectively, which was significant (P< 0.01). In control (group III) the mean±SD was found to be 8±0.00, 5.8±0.87, 4.9±0.69, 4.1±0.48, 3.0±0.56 and <2±0 respectively. The titres of control group infer that the maternal antibody usually had a tendency to decline and may pose a risk of infection. In protection test, 100% mortality were found in control group (III) but in group I and group II the mortality of birds were 6.67% and 10%, respectively. The analysis of HI titres with the target to determine the performance of two vaccines revealed that BCRDV1 vaccinated groups was able to maintain significantly higher HI titres than BCRDV2 vaccinated group.

Keywords: BCRDV, HI test, Newcastle disease, Broiler birds

Location: The laboratory of Microbiology of Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh.,

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Diseases, Poultry

Objectives:

To evaluate the performances of two commercial Newcastle disease vaccines in broiler birds reared under intensive system in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The blood samples for this study were collected from three different commercial broiler farms and divided into three groups. The blood samples were stored in refrigerator for 2 to 3 hours in order to separate serum. After clotting of blood, serum was collected from each syringe in an Eppendor tube (1.5ml capacity) and stored at -20^oC for further analysis in the laboratory of Microbiology of Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University. In case of protection test, birds in three groups were subsequently challenged with virulent field strain velogenic ND virus and result was observed properly. Field samples were preserved as a source of virulent strain of NDV in the Department of Microbiology, CVASU. All birds were categorized into three different groups; group I marked as vaccinated with BCRDV1 (VG/GA strain), group II as vaccinated with BCRDV2 (F-strain) and group III as a control. Among these groups, samples were collected at the age of days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 considering maximum 30 samples in each of three groups. The propagation of virus of the preserved samples was done on 9-10 days old chicken embryo in allantoic cavity. The allantoic fluid was collected and stored at -20^oC for analysis. The collected fluid was tested by micro plate Haemagglutination (HA) test for confirming the virulence properties of the virus by following standard method¹⁷. Five milliliter of blood was collected in a tube containing anticoagulant from each chicken, which was vaccinated against ND and free from ND infection. After the blood sample was washed with an equal volume of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.0. The supernatant was poured off, and 20 volume of PBS was added into the packed cells and washed twice. The cells were then used to prepare a 1% suspension based on volume by adding 1 ml of the packed cells to 100ml of PBS at pH 7.0. Five milliliter of blood was collected in a tube containing anticoagulant from each chicken, which was vaccinated against ND and free from ND infection. After the blood sample was washed with an equal volume of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.0. The supernatant was poured off, and 20 volume of PBS was added into the packed cells and washed twice. The cells were then used to prepare a 1% suspension based on volume by adding 1 ml of the packed cells to 100ml of PBS at pH 7.0. Fifty microlitter of PBS distended into each well of one row of the plastic V-bottomed 96 well plate. Then 50ml of virus suspension was placed into the first well and made two-fold dilutions. A row with control was also made using PBS only instead of virus antigen.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 28, Number 2, December 2011, pp 88-91

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It can be concluded that birds with BCRDV1 vaccine had more protective effects than BCRDV2. There is no remarkable difference found between the protective index of group I and group II, but significant differences was observed in the HI antibody titer between two groups. Therefore, BCRDV1 and BCRDV2 can be recommended for an effective ND control program under intensive conditions but BCRDV1 vaccine can be made much more preferable for protection of birds against Newcastle disease. The study suggests further investigation for more effective output about the performances of available BCRDV.

Knowledge Management: Journal