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Genetic Diversity in Sadajira Rice Germplasm

Mohammad Zahidul Islam
Scientific Officer
Genetic Resources and Seed Division, BRRI Gazipur-1701

M. A. Siddique,
SSO
Genetic Resources and Seed Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701

E. S. M. H. Rashid
SSO
Genetic Resources and Seed Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701

M. S. Ahmed
PSO
Genetic Resources and Seed Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701

M. Khalequzzaman
CSO
Genetic Resources and Seed Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Genetic diversity of 40 traditional Bangladeshi rice genotypes was studied under rainfed condition through Mahalanobis D² statistic for grain yield and yield contributing characters. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters. The inter-cluster distances were higher than intra-cluster distances indicating wider genetic diversity among the genotypes of different clusters. The intra-cluster distances were lower in all the cases reflecting homogeneity of the genotypes within the clusters. The cluster VI contained the highest number of genotypes (18) and the clusters I and II contained the lowest (1). The highest intra-cluster distance was noticed for the cluster IV and lowest for cluster VI. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster I and IV, followed by cluster I and II, cluster I and III and the lowest between cluster III and IV. Regarding inter-cluster distance, the genotypes of cluster V showed high genetic distance from all other clusters. The genotypes from cluster IV could be hybridized with the genotypes of other clusters for producing transgressive segregants. Based on canonical vector analysis, panicle number per plant and 1000 grain weight had maximum contribution towards genetic divergence. The highest cluster means for yield, filled grains panicle-1 and grain breadth were obtained from cluster VI. The highest means for plant height, flag leaf area, unfilled grains panicle-1, harvest index and the lowest growth duration were found in cluster I, while the lowest mean value for yield, grain length, 1000 grain weight, plant height and highest mean value for days to flowering and maturity were found in cluster II. The crosses between the genotypes/parents of cluster VI and cluster II, cluster VI and cluster V would exhibit high heterosis as well as higher level of yield potential. Therefore, more emphasis should be given for selection of the genotypes from clusters I, VI and V for future breeding program.

Keywords: Genetic diversity, D2 analysis, Cluster analysis, Rice

Location: BRRI,Gazipur

Start Date: 01-07-2010

End Date: 12-12-2010

Program Area: Conservation and Biodiversity

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

The present study was, therefore, undertaken to assess the extent of genetic diversity in 40 traditional Sadajira rice genotypes.

Methodology:

Forty Sadajira rice genotypes selected from the gene bank of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur were grown under rainfed condition (T. Aman) during 2010. The trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Thirty days-old seedlings from each entry were transplanted using single seedling per hill in 2.4 m² plot following 25 cm and 20 cm space between rows and plants, respectively. Fertilizers were applied@ 80:60:40:12 kg N, P, K and S per hectare. All the fertilizers except N were applied at final land preparation. Nitrogen was applied in three equal splits, at 15 days after transplanting (DAT), at 35 DAT and just before flowering. Inter cultural operations and pest control measures were done as and when necessary. At maturity, grain yield (g/hill) was taken and adjusted at 14% moisture level. Ten plants from each entry were randomly selected for recording data on flag leaf area (cm²), plant height (cm),days to flowering, days to maturity, panicle length (cm), panicle number/plant, grain length(mm), grain breadth (mm), 1000 grain weight(g), filled grains/panicle, unfilled grains/panicle,harvest index (%) and yield (g/hill). Flag leaf area was estimated according to Gomez (1983). The data were analyzed following principal component analysis (PCA) and Mahalanobis's(1936) generalized distance (D²) extended by Rao (1952). Intra and inter-cluster distances were calculated by the methods of Singh and Chaudhary (1985). All statistical analysis were carried out using Genstat 5.5.

Source of Information: The Agriculturists 12(1): 26-32 (2014)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. United States Agency for International Development

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The crosses involving parents belonging to maximum divergent clusters were expected to manifest maximum heterosis and also wide genetic variability. Keeping this in view, it appeared that crosses between the genotypes belonging to cluster VI and cluster II,cluster VI and cluster V would exhibit high heterosis as well as higher level of yield potential. So, based on this result, the genotypes under cluster I, cluster VI and cluster V might be selected for future breeding program.

Knowledge Management: Journal