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Genetic Diversity in Traditional Rice (oryza Sativa L.) Cultivars of Hilly Areas in Bangladesh

Md. Abubakar Siddique
Scientific Officer
Genetic Resources and Seed Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Mohammad Zahidul Islam
Scientific Officer
Genetic Resources and Seed Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Mohammad Khalequzzaman
Principal Scientific Officer
Genetic Resources and Seed Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Meer Sharf Uddin Ahmed
Senior Scientific Officer
Genetic Resources and Seed Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Genetic diversity in 38 traditional local rice genotypes grown as Jhum in the hilly areas was studied under rainfed condition through Mahalanobis D² statistic for grain yield and yield contributing characters. The genotypes were grouped into five clusters. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster I and III and the lowest between cluster II and IV. Regarding inter-cluster distance, the genotypes from cluster III could be hybridized with the genotypes of other clusters for producing transgressive segregants. Based on positive value of vector 1 and vector 2, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, unfilled grain panicle^-1, grain length and grain length breath ratio had maximum contribution towards genetic divergence. The highest cluster means for plant height, filled grains panicle^-1and yield were obtained from cluster III. The highest flag leaf width, days to 50% flowering, unfilled grain panicle^-1, grain length, grain breath and grain length breath ratio while the lowest mean value for yield were found in cluster I. The lowest days to 50% flowering and maturity, and highest mean value for 1000-grain weight were found in cluster IV. Therefore, more emphasis should be given on cluster I and cluster III for selecting genotypes as parents for crossing with the genotypes of cluster IV which could produce new recombinants with desired traits.

Keywords: Genetic diversity, Cluster analysis, Rice

Location: Genetic Resources and Seed Division (GRSD)

Start Date: 01-04-2011

End Date: 30-07-2011

Program Area: Conservation and Biodiversity

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to assess the extent of genetic diversity in 38 traditional rice varieties grown as Jhum in hilly areas. This will help in classifying those into clusters to select genotypes as prospective parents to develop transgressive segregants which will be ultimately used for developing modern variety suitable for hilly areas as well as conserve soil by decreasing soil erosion caused by Jhum cultivation.

Methodology:

Thirty eight rice genotypes of hilly areas that are grown as jhum selected from the germplasm bank of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur were grown under rainfed condition in 2011. The trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Seeds were sown by broadcast method and plant populations were maintained at 25 cm and 20 cm space between rows and plants, respectively. Fertilizers were applied @ 80:60:40: 12 kg N, P, K and S per hectare. All the fertilizers except N were applied at final land preparation. Nitrogen was applied in three equal splits, at 15 days after sowing (DAS), at 35 DAS and just before flowering. Intercultural operations and pest control measures were done as and when necessary. At maturity, grain yield (g/hill) was taken and adjusted at 14% moisture level. Ten hills from each entry were randomly selected for recording data on flag leaf length (cm), flag leaf width (cm), plant height (cm), days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, panicle length (cm), grain length (mm), grain breadth (mm), length-breadth ratio, 1000 grain weight (g), filled grains panicle^-1, unfilled grains panicle^-1 and yield hill^-1 (g). The data were analyzed following principal component analysis (PCA) and Mahalanobis's (1936) generalized distance (D²) extended by Rao (1952). Intra and inter cluster distances were calculated by the method of Singh and Chaudhury (1985). All statistical analysis were carried out using Genstat 5.5.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics,2011.Volume:24, Issue:2, pages: 25-30, ISSN:1026-3071

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Analysis of variance showed significant differences among the 38 genotypes indicating the presence of notable genetic variability among the genotypes. The highest intra cluster value in cluster III (1.0998) and the highest inter-cluster value between cluster I and III (12.222) clearly indicated variability’s in the germplasm of cluster III. Cluster III produced the highest inter-cluster distances with other clusters suggesting wide diversity of the genotypes within cluster III with the genotypes of other clusters and these genotypes could be used as parents in hybridization program for getting transgressive segregants. The highest cluster means for plant height, grains panicle^-1and yield were obtained from cluster III. The highest flag leaf width, days to 50% flowering, unfilled grain panicle^-1, grain length, grain breath and grain length breath ratio while the lowest mean value for yield were found in cluster I. Therefore, the genotypes of cluster III can be used as one parent in the crossing program with the genotypes from all other clusters to produce high yielding genotypes. The canonical vector analysis revealed that the vectors (I and II) for flag leaf length, flag leaf width, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, unfilled grain panicle^-1, grain length and grain length breadth ratio were positive indicated that these characters contributed maximum towards divergence. Thereby, crosses involving cluster III and cluster I might exhibit high heterosis for yield; and crosses between cluster II and IV for earliness and dwarf stature. Hence, the crosses between the genotypes/parents of cluster I and III, cluster II and IV would exhibit high heterosis as well as higher level of yield potential. Therefore, the genotypes under cluster I, II, III and IV might be selected for future breeding program.

Knowledge Management: Journal