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Colibacillosis in Commercial Chickens in Bangladesh

R. Khaton
Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

M. G. Haider
Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

P. K. Paul
Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

P. M. Das
Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

M. M. Hossain
Department of Livestock Services, Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The prevalence of colibacillosis in layer chickens was studied from May to September 2007. Sixty five cloacal swabs from apparently healthy birds and 55 swabs of liver (n=15), lung (n=15) and intestine (n=25) from 30 dead birds were collected in sterile nutrient broth, with histopathological samples. Bacteria were isolated and identified. Tissue samples were studied under light microscope. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was isolated from 83% of cloacal swabs of apparently healthy chickens and 87% of samples from dead birds. Affected birds had cloudy thickened air sacs, pericarditis, congestion in the liver, lung and spleen. On histopathological examination focal necrosis in liver and infiltration of heterophils, lymphocytes and macrophages in liver and lung was found. Thickening of pericardium was found due to infiltration of reticulo endothelial (RE) cells. In duodenum, severe infiltration of leukocytes mainly heterophils, lymphocytes and macrophages was found in the sub-mucosa.

Keywords: Colibacillosis, Commercial chickens, Bangladesh

Location: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-05-2007

End Date: 00-09-2007

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Chicken

Objectives:

1. To know the status of colibacillosis in two commercial poultry farms with isolation and identification of causal agents.

Methodology:

Samples - The study was conducted from May to September 2007. Fifteen samples from layers of 68 weeks old chickens of SEVER 579 from the Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Poultry Farm and 50 samples from layers of 75 weeks old chickens of ISA Brown from Krisibid Poultry Farm, Bhaluka, Mymensingh district were collected in nutrient broth. The samples [55 swabs from liver (n=15), lung (n=15), and intestine (n=25)] of 30 dead birds were collected in nutrient broth. The samples were carried in ice box for further study. Samples for histopathology were collected in plastic pot containing 10% neutral buffered formalin. Sample collection - Samples were collected using sterile cotton-tipped swabs from the cloaca of healthy chickens. The swabs were inserted into sterilized screw-capped test tubes containing nutrient broth and preserved at 4^oC. After dissecting the dead birds, the liver, lung and intestine were incised with sterile scissors and intestinal faeces were scraped with a sterile scalpel. Samples were collected from the liver, lung and intestine and swabs were handled carefully as above. Identification of isolated E. coli - Cloacal and intestinal samples were placed on nutrient agar plate and incubated overnight at 37°C. After primary culture, a small amount of inoculum was subcultured in nutrient agar and MacConkey agar to observe colony morphology. Colonies with the features of E. coli were selected for subculture on selective media such as Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar. Morphological characterization by Gram-stain - Representative Salmonella colonies were characterized microscopically using Gram’s stain. Carbohydrate fermentation test - The carbohydrate fermentation test was performed by inoculating 5 ml of nutrient broth culture of the organisms into tubes containing different sugars and incubated for 72 hours at 37°C. Acid production was indicated by the colour change from red to yellow of the medium and gas production was noted by the appearance of gas bubbles in the inverted Durham’s tube. Methyl red test - After incubation 2-4 drops of methyl red solution were added to the test tube, which was incubated for 5 days. Positive test was indicated by the persistence of red colour, indicating acidity and negative by yellow colour. Voges-Proskauer (V-P) test - The VP test was performed by adding 0.6 ml of VP reagent-1 and 0.2 ml of VP reagent-2 for each ml of culture. The ingredients were mixed thoroughly and allowed to stand. A pink colour indicated a positive test. Motility test - The motility test was performed. A pure culture of the organism was grown in nutrient broth. The motile organisms were identified visually. Maintenance of stock culture - Organisms from pure culture were inoculated into tubes containing EMB slant and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. After the growth of organisms the tubes were sealed with sterile liquid paraffin (light) and kept at 4°C for further studies. Gross pathology - At necropsy, gross tissue changes were recorded, and representative tissue samples containing lesions were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathology. Histopathology - The formalin-fixed tissues were processed using standard procedures. Photomicrography - Photomicrography was taken using Olympus PM-C 35 camera on Olympus microscope (Olympus, Japan).

Source of Information: The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2008) 25(1) : 17 – 24

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study was conducted to determine prevalence of E. coli in apparently healthy and dead chickens and the pathological lesions in dead birds. The prevalence of E. coli in apparently healthy chickens was 83% and in dead chickens 87%. Further investigation should be focused on typing of E. coli and antibiotic sensitivity test.

Knowledge Management: Journal