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Comparative Efficacy of Ascorbic Acid, Adrenaline and Oxytetracycline Supplementation Against Nitrite Poisoning in Rats (rattus Norvegicus)

F. Yasmin
Department of Livestock Services

M. A. Awal,
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

A. Ghosh
Livestock Research Institute, Department of Livestock Services, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. B. Rashed
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, BangladeshDepartment of Pharmacology,

M. Mostofa
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The effects of methylene blue, vitamin C, adrenaline and oxytetracycline against sodium nitrite intoxication was studied in Long Evan’s (Rattus norvegicus) rats (n=128) in eight groups (A - H). Except control, intoxication was produced by administering sodium nitrite. Rats were treated with methylene blue (group C), vitamin C (group D), adrenaline (group E) and oxytetracycline (group F), and with vitamin C, adrenaline and oxytetracycline (group G); methylene blue, vitamin C, adrenaline and oxytetracycline (Group H). Rats of group C and group H recovered within 24-72 and 13-40 hours, respectively. Other groups showed severe toxic signs including excitement, restlessness, muscle tremor, anoxia, and coma, followed by death within 60 hours. Total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, haemoglobin content and packed cell volume were significantly (p<0.01) reduced, and returned to normal at day 14 after methylene blue treatment. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were elevated significantly (p<0.01) in all intoxicated groups and within 14 days ALT values reached normal level after methylene blue administration.

Keywords: Efficacy, Ascorbic acid, Adrenaline and oxytetracycline supplementation, Nitrite poisoning in rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Location: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-2009

End Date: 00-00-2009

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Rats

Objectives:

1. To find out the effects of methylene blue, vitamin C, adrenaline and oxytetracycline alone and in combination against nitrite intoxication in rats.

Methodology:

Animal selection and care - One hundred and twenty eight (60-day-old) Long Evan’s rat (Rattus norvegicus) weighing 200-300g were collected from International Centre for Diarrhea Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR’B), Dhaka. Animals were kept for 2 weeks in the laboratory under close observation prior to studies. All rats were maintained with ambient temperature 22 ± 2°C, humidity 60 ± 5% in a photoperiod-controlled room (14h light: 10h dark) with free access to standard laboratory food (20 gm/rat/day) and water ad libitum. The experimental protocol was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the department. Grouping and treatments - Rats were randomly divided into eight groups each comprising 16 rats A - H. All groups were housed separately in a compartmented rectangular metallic cage. All feedings were administered separately as a single oral dose diluted in distilled water. Control group (A) received 1 ml of distilled water and all other groups received sodium nitrite (E. Merck, Germany) @ 75 mg/kg orally. In addition to sodium nitrite group C-H were treated as follows. Group C received intra-peritoneal methylene blue (Loba-Chemie Ltd, India) @ 15 mg/kg, group D received vitamin C (Tab Ceevit®, Square Pharmaceutical Bangladesh Ltd.) @ 10 mg/kg orally, group E adrenaline (Inj Adrenaline, Gaco Pharmaceutical Bangladesh Ltd.) @ 0.5 ml/rat subcutaneously and group F received oxytetracycline (Renamycin Tab®, Renata Animal Health, Bangladesh Ltd.) @ 25 mg/kg orally. Group G received vitamin C, adrenaline and oxytetracycline at previous doses and group H methylene blue, vitamin C, adrenaline and oxytetracycline at previous doses. All the rats were kept under close observation for 14 days. Animal sacrifice and blood collection For studying haematological and biochemical parameters four rats of each group was sacrificed just after treatment and at 12 hours, three days and 14 days under light ether anaesthesia. About 5 ml blood was collected from each animal by cardiac puncture using disposable syringe with 23G needles. Aliquot of blood was transferred to sterile tubes containing heparin for haematology. Serum was separated from remaining part and stored at –20°C until biochemical analysis. Common pathological changes - Immediately after euthanasia or just after death, the carcasses were examined systematically. Gross pathological changes were noted. Haematological parameters - Total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin content (Hb) and Packed cell volume (PCV) were determined by standard method. Biochemical parameters - Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured by standard procedure using Reflotron® (Boehringer mannheim, Germany). All the biochemical tests were performed at 37°C. Statistical analyses - Data were analysed using student’s T-test (paired) and are presented as mean ± S.E.

Source of Information: The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2008) 25(1) : 25 – 31

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Nitrite/nitrate poisoning can be treated effectively by methylene blue. It restores haemoglobin to its normal state, allowing oxygenation of the blood. However, administration of vitamin C, adrenaline and oxytetracycline in addition to methylene blue is more effective in nitrate poisoning.

Knowledge Management: Journal