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Chemistry of Submerged Soils and Growth and Yield of Rice Ii. Effect of Additional Application of Fertilizers on Soil at Field Capacity

A. ISLAM
Department of Soil Science, University of Dacca, Bangladesh

S. M. ULLAH
Department of Soil Science, University of Dacca, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Submergence caused similar changes in pH, redox potential, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and manganese contents of soils as were observed in Part 1. Rice plants grown on pots at submergence and at field capacity with fertilization assimilated more nitrogen, phosphorus potassium, iron and manganese and as a result, grew better and tillered, more than plants grown at field capacity without fertilizers. The grain yield at submergence and at field capacity with fertilizers were better compared to those at field capacity without fertilizers. AlI these observations lead to a conclusion that the additional application of nutrients in the form of fertilizers at field capacity condition can equate the benefits of submergence.

Keywords: Submergence , Rice, Growth and yield, Fertilizers

Location: Narsingdi

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

A greenhouse experiment was performed to see whether the additional application of nutrients at field capacity can equate the benefits of submergence.

Methodology:

Soil samples at a depth of 0-6" from the surface were collected from two rice growing areas of Bangladesh, namely Parbata and Narsingdi. Parbata sandy clay loam belonged to the red lateritic soil of Bangladesh and had a pH of 5.7 and 1.2 percent of organic matter. Narsingdi sandy loam had a pH of 6.7 and 1.9 percent organic matter and belonged to the Brahmaputra alluvium. A total of 21 glazed silica pots each containing air-dried soil were arranged in a completely randomized design. One set of Parbata soil at field capacity received 80 lbs N per acre, 90 lbs P per acre and 80 lbs K per acre. Two sets of Narsingdi soil at field capacity received 40 lbs N per acre, 45 lbs P per acre and 40 lbs K per acre. and 80 1bs N per acre, 90 1bs P per acre and 80 lbs K per acre. Ammonium sulphate, superphosphate and muriate of potash were the sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively. Both the soils at field capacity and submergence without fertilizers were also included in the experiment. Two weeks old seedlings of Hashikalmi, an Aus variety, were transplanted at the rate of 5 plants per pot containing different treatments. Each treatment was replicated thrice. The soils in pots at field capacity received sufficient distilled water to bring the soil just to field capacity and every effort was made to keep the moisture content at this level during the experiment by the addition of distilled water whenever needed. The soils under submerged condition were kept continuously submerged and 2" standing water in these pots was maintained by the daily addition of distilled water. The soil solutions used for analyses were the percolates collected from the bottom of the pots at submergence and the displaced soil solution from the pots at field capacity. They were collected in the absence of air in 500-m1 erlenmyer flasks which were previously filled with nitrogen. The soil solutions collected at the intervals of 0, 2, 4, 6, 10, and 16 weeks from the date of submergence were analysed for (a) pH; (b)redox potential; (c) nitrogen; (d) phosphorus; (e) potassium; (f) calcium; (g) magnesium; (h) iron and (i) manganese. Plant heights were recorded at different stages of growth and the tiller numbers were also counted. Finally the grains were harvested from pots at submergence and field capacity. The plant samples at early vegetative stage, flowering stage and after the harvest of the grains were analysed for (1) nitrogen; (2) phosphorus; (3) potassium; (4) calcium; (5) magnesium; (6) iron and (7) manganese. Laboratory methods used here were described in Part I.

Source of Information: Plant and Soil 39, 567-579 (1973)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The yield grain on both soils at submergence and at field capacity treated with fertilizers showed no variation. The grain weights at submergence and at field capacity with fertilizers were much higher than those at field capacity without fertilizers. The better yield at submerged and fertilized field capacity conditions was due to higher assimilation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and manganese which were released more in the soil solution at those stage. This was so because positive correlations were obtained at the 1% probability level between nitrogen, potassium and magnesium in soil solution and those in plants. Significant positive correlations at the 5% level were also obtained in case of phosphorus, calcium and manganese of soil solution and those in Plants. From this study, it can be concluded that (a) soil at field capacity can meet the water demands of the most vigorously growing rice plants, and (b) excellent vegetative growth can be obtained in soil at field capacity by supplying extra nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Knowledge Management: Journal