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Comparative Efficacy of Neem Leaves and Ivermectin (ivomec®) Against Ectoparasites in Calves

M. M. Rahman
Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. Mostofa
Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. S. Jahan
Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. A. H. M. Kamal
Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was carried out for 28 days from August to September 2007 to investigate the efficacy of Ivermectin and Neem plants against ectoparasites in calves. Effect of Ivermectin and Neem plants on certain blood parameters hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte count (TEC) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were studied in calves. A total of 15 calves were examined for the presence of ticks by physical examination and were divided into three equal groups as, Group A (infected control group), Group B (treated with Neem) and Group C (treated with Ivermectin). The therapeutic efficacy of Ivermectin was 100% against ectoparasites in calves on day 7, 14, 21 and 28 after the treatment of Ivermectin. Ivermectin and Neem showed significant effectiveness at 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day of post treatment. The effects on TEC, Hb level was increased significantly at 7th, 14th and 28th day of treatment and PCV level was increased significantly on 28th day of treatment. On the other hand indigenous medicinal plant Neem leaves shown the efficacy of 68% at day 28 and body weight of Ivermectin and Neem treated calves also increased. All the calves after Ivermectin injection and Neem spray remained healthy, no adverse effect and calves appetite increased, growth and coat color improved rapidly.

Keywords: Ivermectin, Neem, Ectoparasites, and Haemoglobin

Location: Department of Pharmacology and Department of Physiology of Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-06-2007

End Date: 00-11-2007

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Calf

Objectives:

1. The patent drug Ivomec (Ivermectin) and locally available medicinal plant (Neem) was selected with the aim to for comparative investigation of the efficacy of anthelmentic activity on ectoparasites and on some hematological parameters in calves, 2. The present study also paid attention to study the adverse effect of the both treatment

Methodology:

The experiment was carried-out for a period of 6 months from June to November, 2007 in the Department of Pharmacology and Department of Physiology of Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh. Fifteen calves of both sexes aged between 5 to 6 months were primarily selected in this study. All the calves were examined for the presence of ectoparasites and the efficacy of Ivermectin and indigenous medicinal plant (Neem) were studied against these naturally infested ectoparasites. The calves were divided into 3 equal groups (Group A, B and C). Calves of group A was kept as infected control. Rest 2 groups i.e. B and C were treated with Neem spray and Ivermectin, respectively. Neem leaves were collected from BAU campus and made 15% solution for spray of the selected animals. Saturated salt solution, Normal saline (0.9%), anticoagulant sodium citrate (3.8%) Hayem’s solution, (0.14%) Hydrochloric acid solutions were prepared following the standard procedurees. Render neem collection from Botanical garden, BAU. The leaves were dried and powdered. 15 gm of leaf powder was mixed with 100 ml distilled water and stirred for 2hr. It was kept overnight at 40C and the supernatant was collected. This was used as the crude leaf extract to study.The ectoparasites (ticks) was detected by physical examination of the animals and the presence of ectoparasites were recorded. Ticks infestation was examined physically on individual animal. The procedure of examination was to count the adult ticks of Para lumber region with an area of 6×5 i.e. 30 square cm. The selected 30 square cm were marked with a permanent colour and ticks within this area were counted at pretreatment and post treatment days. Group-A was considered as control group (no drugs given), group B and C were treated with Neem spray 15% and Ivermectin @ 200μg/kg b.wt. S/C, respectively. After injection of Ivermectin and application of Neem all the calves (three groups) with one control group were closely observed for 28 days of post treatment and the considered parameters were (a) Clinical parameters (severity of infestation, feeding efficiency, conditions of hair coat, body weight and adverse effects). (b) Hematological parameters (TEC, Hb, PCV and ESR). All the calves were allowed for free pasture grazing for 2-3 hours daily. Adequate plenty of water was also provided to all calves. The severity of infestation of ectoparasites (ticks) was observed by counting the number of ectoparasites in a selected area of the individual calves. The ectoparasites were detected by visual examination of the calves and the number of parasites was recorded. The ticks within this area were counted at pre-treatment at day 0 and at 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th day treatment period. Body weight was observed accordingly before treatment (day ‘0’) and 28 days of treatment. The adverse effects (if any) of the treated calves were also examined before and after treatment as per above mentioned schedule i.e. 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day treatment. Hair coat of the treated calves as well as the untreated infected control group was physically examined by visual examination before and after treatment. Feeding efficiency of treated and untreated (infected control) groups was compared at pretreatment (0 day), treatment (7th, 14th, 21st and 28th) period. Blood samples were collected from Jugular vein of the calves of treated and control group in vials containing anticoagulant (Sodium Citrate 3.8%) at day 0, 7th, 14th and 28th of treatment period to determine the effects of ivermectin and neem on the following hematological parameters such as Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Hemoglobin (Hb) Content, Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR).

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(1): 73–78, 2009; ISSN 1810-3030

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Effect of Ivermectin and Neem plants on certain blood parameters hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte count (TEC) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were studied in calves. A total of 15 calves were examined for the presence of ticks by physical examination and were divided into three equal groups as, Group A (infected control group), Group B (treated with Neem) and Group C (treated with Ivermectin). The therapeutic efficacy of Ivermectin was 100% against ectoparasites in calves on day 7, 14, 21 and 28 after the treatment of Ivermectin. Ivermectin and Neem showed significant effectiveness at 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day of post treatment. The effects on TEC, Hb level was increased significantly at 7th, 14th and 28th day of treatment and PCV level was increased significantly on 28th day of treatment. On the other hand indigenous medicinal plant Neem leaves shown the efficacy of 68% at day 28 and body weight of Ivermectin and Neem treated calves also increased. All the calves after Ivermectin injection and Neem spray remained healthy, no adverse effect and calves appetite increased, growth and coat color improved rapidly.

Knowledge Management: Journal