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Association of Phomopsis Vexans with Eggplant (solanum Melongena) Seeds, Seedlings and Its Management

M. R. Islam
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka – 1207, Bangladesh

M. B. Meah
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Incidence of Phomopsis vexans on farmers’ eggplant seeds collected from different areas of Bangladesh varied from 0.0 to 7.5%. The highest incidence of P. vexans (7.50 %) was recorded in cultivar Dohazari and Rupgonj L collected from Chandanish and Rupgonj, respectively. No incidence of P. vexans was observed in the cultivar Katabegun and Jessore-L collected from Pabna and Monirampur, respectively. Very low seed infection was recorded in the cultivar Shingnath, Bijoy, Ishurdi-Land Longla-long collected respectively from Chandina, Modhukhali, Ishurdi and Kulaura. Seeds collected from HRC of BARI had higher seed infection by P. vexans. Seed selection had a significant impact on the incidence of P. vexans. Use of apparently healthy seed was found effective in controlling damping off, tipover and seedling blight of eggplant. The least incidence of P. vexans (1.25%) and the highest germination (86.75%) were recorded in apparently healthy seed as against 6.5% seed infection and 60% seed germination recorded in farmer’s seed. In the net house, the least incidence of damping off, tipover and seedling blight were recorded in case of apparently healthy seed. Seed treatment with hot water (56⁰C for 15 minutes), garlic (Allium cepa L) bulb extract and Allamanda (Allamanda cathertica L) leaf extract, Trichoderma harzianum CP, Trichoderma harzianum T₂₂ and Bavistin were found promising in controlling seedling diseases in the nursery and in increasing the seed germination. Combinations of apparently healthy seed (T₂), treated with garlic bulb extract (T₃) and soil treated with T. harzianum CP (T₁₁) completely controlled damping off, tipover and seedling blight in the nursery bed and increased seed germination by 48.83% over control.

Keywords: Eggplant, Incidence, Seed, Seedling, Disease, Phomopsis vexans, Management

Location: IPM Laboratory and Net house of the Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-2004

End Date: 00-00-2005

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Brinjal

Objectives:

To determine the prevalence of Phomopsis vexans in eggplant seeds and seedlings and to identify the pathogen inhibitory components for management of seed infection and seedling diseases of eggplant.

Methodology:

The experiments were conducted in the IPM Laboratory and Net house of the Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during 2004- 2005. Seed samples of eggplant were collected randomly from the selected farmers of eighteen upazillas of 15 districts as well as from HRC, BARI and IPM Lab, BAU. For studying the incidence of P. vexans and seed germination, four hundred seeds of each sample were plated (25 seeds/plate) and incubated at room temperature (250 C ± 2) for 10-15 days following Blotter method. Each seed was observed under stereomicroscope to detect the seed infection. The presence of P. vexans was confirmed by observing the prepared slide under compound microscope. Germination percentage of seed samples was recorded by counting. For assessing the seedling infection caused by P. vexans, nine treatments viz. Hot water treatment, Bavistin (0.1 %), Vitavax-200 (0.2%), Garlic extracts (1:1), Allamanda extracts (1:1), Trichoderma harzianum CP., Trichoderma harzianum T₂₂, Trichoderma SP. (EP), and control were evaluated in the net house. For hot water treatment, two hundred seeds of eggplant cv, Dohazari were treated at 56°C temperature for 15 min using Vegetable Seed Treating Plant, developed at IPM Lab, BAU. The treated seeds were then drained off and dried in shade for sowing in the tray. In case of fungicidal treatment, required amount of fungicides for a fixed quantity of seeds were taken in a 250 ml conical flask (1:1, V/W) and were shaken for proper coating of seeds with the fungicide. For treating seeds with plant extracts, the seeds were dipped in the extract (Seed: extract, W/V 1: 1.5) for 30 minutes. The liquid was drained off and seeds were shade dried before sowing in the tray. For treating seeds with bioagent the selected strains Trichoderma harzianum were mass multiplied in PDA media inoculated at 25⁰C for 7-10 days. Then these were rolled with 10 days old PDA culture of Trichoderma strains, air dried and sown in the sterilized soil in the net house. 2.1. Categorization of seeds Eggplant seeds of cultivars Dohajari categorized (manually) into three groups viz. Farmers’ seed (seeds collected from farmers and used as it were), Apparently healthy seed (seeds sorted from the farmer’s seed sample having normal shape, size and shiny colour) and Diseased seed (spotted, discoloured, shrivelled seeds appeared to be infected) for evaluation of the incidence of P. vexans.

Source of Information: The Agriculturists 9(1&2): 8-17(2011) ISSN-1729-5211, A Scientific Journal of Krishi Foundation

Article Link (Online Journal): http://banglajol.info/index.php/AGRIC/article/view/9474/7019

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Incidence of Phomopsis vexans on the farmers' seed varied in respect of different eggplant growing regions of the country. Seed selection had a significant impact on the incidence of P. vexans. The least incidence of P. vexans and the highest germination were recorded in apparently healthy seed in comparison to farmer’s seed. Apparently healthy seed treated with hot water (56⁰C for 15 minutes), garlic (Allium cepa L) bulb extract and allamanda (Allamanda cathertica L) leaf extract, Trichoderma harzianum CP, Trichoderma harzianum T₂₂and Bavistin were found promising in controlling seedling diseases individually and in combinations.

Knowledge Management: Journal