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Glass Sand Potentiality of Bar Sediments from Tista and Dharla Rivers, Bangladesh

Ismail Hossain
Department of Geology and Mining, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205,Bangladesh.

Syed Sumsuddin Ahmed
Department of Geology and Mining, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205,Bangladesh

Md. Najmul Islam
Department of Geology and Mining, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205,Bangladesh;

Pradip Kumar Biswas
Institute of Mining, Mineralogy and Metallurgy, Joypurhat, Bangladesh.

Md. Aminur Rahman
Institute of Mining, Mineralogy and Metallurgy, Joypurhat, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present investigation deals with the glass sand potentiality of the bar sediments of Tista and Dharla rivers from different locations of Nilfamari, Lalmonirhat and Kurigram districts, Bangladesh. Accordingly, fourteen samples were selected for grain size distributions with separation of magnetic minerals. Magnetic mineral content ranges from about trace amount to 0.06 wt%. Light minerals separated by tetrabromoethane technique ranging from about 88 to 98 wt%. Moreover, glass sand as final products by flotation process evaluation ranges from 58 to 80 wt%, which indicate good quantity of glass sand. Geochemical data also suggest that glass sands are suitable for commercial grade glass owing to its SiO₂ content (80.7–94.1 wt%). In particular, the Tista Barrage site shows high SiO₂ (94.1 wt%) with reasonably low Al₂O₃, TiO₂, and MgO+CaO percentages, which suggest an excellent glass grade quality. Unfortunately, some impurities (e.g., Fe₂O₃, Zr) are comparatively higher than standards, which poses difficulties making high grade glass. However, if it is possible to remove and/or decrease the major impurities, it may be used to manufacture high grade glass (colourless glass).

Keywords: Glass sand, Commercial grade glass, Tista and Dharla rivers, Bar sediments, Bangladesh.

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Land development productivity

Objectives:

This paper provides some positive messages about glass sand from bar sands of Tista and Dharla rivers and its quality for glass making.

Methodology:

Sample collection and preparation The collected samples from bars were selected mainly on the basis of variations in color, compositions, particle size, concentration of minerals and considerable Glass sand potentiality of bar sediments from Tista and Dharla rivers 59 distances. These samples were collected either from erosional or depositional banks with subsurface or surface of the bars. A hand auger used for collecting sample from subsurface of the bars. To know the partial mineralogical composition, a hand lens was used in the field. The collected samples were properly numbered and packed in the polyethylene and cotton bags for laboratory analysis. Primarily collected raw and wet samples were dried in sunlight. Sizing The samples were filtered and dried at 35 ºC overnight. Each sample was sieved on a Ro Tap using US standard 30-, 100-, 140-, 200-, 270-, and 270-mesh. These size frictions were weighed and bagged after ten minutes of screening, and the weight distribution was properly calculated. Magnetic separation Size fractions from 30- to 140-mesh were used for magnetic separation due to their high weight percentages, while other fractions were avoided for their insignificant quantity. A powerful hand magnet was used for separation of magnetic minerals. Heavy liquid separation In the present investigation, heavy liquid mainly tetrabromoethane (1,1,2,2- tetrabromoethene) was utilized to separate heavy minerals as sink product, while the glass sand as the float product. The term “heavy mineral” is commonly applied to those minerals which sink in heavy liquid (density 2.96). In other word, the minerals having specific gravity greater than 2.96 treated as heavy mineral. The heavy minerals separation was carried out by the standard tetrabromoethane technique (specific gravity 2.96), using separating funnel fitted to iron rod stand with the help of clip. Filter paper was used in open glass conical funnel and placed under the separating funnel with the help of iron ring attached with stand. Taking requisite quantity of tetrabromoethane in the funnel, 20 gm of sample was poured in it (funnel). The heavy minerals were started to sink through the tetrabromoethane at the lower closed end of the clipped funnel. This position was kept about 2.5 hours with intermittently stirred. After settling the heavies, the grains were separated by opening the lower end of separating funnel for a short period with the help of clip. As soon as the heavy minerals were collected on the filter paper, the clip was closed. Then the tetrabromoethane was removed from separated floats and heavy minerals by washing with isopropyl alcohol. Floats were again washed with alcohol. Primarily all sinks and floats were dried in open air. Then the sinks and floats were left to dry in an oven overnight, weighted and preserved carefully.

Source of Information: Rajshahi University journal of life & earth and agricultural sciences, Vol. 41: 57-64, 2013 ISSN 2309-0960

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From overall observations, these specific types of glass sand could be used for the ceramic grade, foundry grade silica, filtration sand, and possibly sodium silicate feedstock and silica flour. It is very remarkable that these glass sands at least fulfill medium to low grade glass (commercial colored glass) requirements. Unfortunately, some impurities (e.g., Fe and Zr) in the samples make uncertainty to produce higher grade glass (colorless glass). Due to very traditional techniques for overall experiments, therefore the results are affected by some obvious limitations. Using modern techniques and development of laboratory facilities, it would be possible to eliminate/decrease these impurities reasonably to produce high grade glass.

Knowledge Management: Journal