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Effect of Cyanobacteria on Growth and Yield of Boro Rice Under Different Levels of Urea

Wahida Khatun
Department of Botany, Durgapur Degree College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Md. Mosleh Ud-Deen
Department of Crop Science & Technology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh;

Golam Kabir
Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A pot culture and a field experiment were conducted with cyanobacteria in presence and absence of different levels of urea to evaluate their effects on growth and yield of rice cv. BRRI dhan28, 29 and 36 during Boro season of 2007. The treatments were T₁ (control), T₂ (only cyanobacteria), T₃ (recommended doses of urea- 60 kg N/ha), T₄ (45% recommended doses of urea + cyanobacteria), T₅ (65% recommended doses of urea + cyanobacteria) and T₆ (85% recommended doses of urea + cyanobacteria). The maximum values for different growth, yield and yield components (plant height, number of productive tillers/hill, panicle length, number of grains/panicle, 1000-grain weight, and grain, straw and biological yield) were observed in BRRI Dhan 29 under T₆ (85% recommended doses of urea + cyanobacteria) and lowest was observed in BRRI dhan28 under T₁ (neither urea nor cyanobacteria). Uses of cyanobacteria increased the yield of Boro rice varieties and decreased the use of urea by 15-20%.

Keywords: Cyanobacteria and urea, Growth and yield, Boro rice.

Location: Rajshahi University farm, Rajshahi

Start Date: 00-00-2007

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To finding out the effects of cyanobacteria and urea on Boro rice in earthen pots and to determining the effect of cyanobacteria on Boro rice during their growing seasons in the experimentation fields.

Methodology:

A pot culture experiment and a field experiment were conducted at Rajshahi University farm, Rajshahi during Boro season of 2007. The land was medium high having sandy loam in texture under the “High Ganges River Flood Plain” (AEZ- 12) with pH 7.8, organic matter 1.18%, total N 0.09%, available P 15 μg/g soil, available K 0.165 meq/100g soil, available S 20 μg/g soil and available Zn 1.35 μg/g soil. The experiment was designed following a two factorial (variety and treatment combination) Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) where each treatments were replicated thries. The rice varieties were BRRI dhan28, 29 and 36. The treatments were T₁ = control (no urea or cyanobacteria), T₂ = only cyanobacteria, T₃ = recommended doses of urea (60 kgN/ha), T₄ = 45% recommended doses of urea + cyanobacteria, T₅ = 65% recommended doses of urea + cyanobacteria and T₆ = 85% recommended doses of urea + cyanobacteria. In case of pot culture experiment, bottom sealed earthen pots having 30 cm height and 40 cm diameter were used. The pots were filled with 15 kg soil leaving 10 cm height above for holding the water. The Urea, Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) and Muriate of Potash (MP) at the rate of 180, 160 and 50 kg ha^-1, respectively were applied in all the pots before transplantation of the rice seedlings. Cyanobacteria were applied at the rate of 0.5 kg m^-2 in pots and each lot was filled with water up to 4-5 cm. depths before inoculation (BARC, 1998). In field experiment, the unit plot size was 2.5 m X 2.0 m. Fertilizers were applied as the same rate used in pot. Total MP and TSP were applied during land preparation. Urea was applied with three equal splits at 20, 30 and 50 days after transplantation of seedlings. The 30 days old seedlings of rice were transplanted having three seedlings per hill maintaining a spacing of 20 cm X 15 cm. Cyanobacterial inocula were applied @ 0.5 kg/m^₂ (fresh weight) in the plots and each plot was filled with water up to 4-5 cm depths before inoculation. Irrigation water was applied when necessary to maintain about 5 cm of water height on the land surface. Intercultural operations were done when it was necessary. First weeding was done after 40 days and another after 50 days of transplanting. The excess seedlings were plucked out during first weeding. The field was irrigated twice. First irrigation was done at 40 days after transplanting second irrigation was done after 50 days of transplanting. Plants were harvested after attainment of their full maturity stage. Data on growth and yield contributing characters were taken. The values for grain and straw yield were calculated at 18±2% moisture content in pot and 22±2% moisture content in field trial. The findings from the experiments were analyzed statistically using MSTAT– C package program. The mean values were compared by Duncun’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) along with the estimation of LSD value (Gomez & Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: Rajshahi University journal of life & earth and agricultural sciences. Vol. 40: 23-29, 2012 ISSN 2309-0960

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Grain and straw yield, varied significantly among the treatments both in pot and field experiments. The highest grain yield both in pot and field was observed in BRRI dhan29 under T₆ and the lowest was found in BRRI dhan28 under T₁. It was stated that in areas where chemical N fertilizers were not used, only cyanobacterial inoculation gave the benefits of the farmers equivalent of applying 25-30 kg N ha^-1. Where N fertilizer was used, the dozes could be reduced by about one-third through cyanobacterial inoculation. BRRI dhan29 under T₃ and T₆ produced the highest biological yield in pot experiment. On the other hand, BRRI dhan28 under T₁ produced the lowest biological yield. In case of field experiment, BRRI dhan29 under T₆ was also produced the highest biological yield and BRRI dhan28 under T₁ produced the lowest. Biological yield refers to the sum of grain and straw yields. Cyanobacteria reduced 15-20% use of nitrogenous fertilizers (urea) for optimum biological yield of Boro rice in the present study.

Knowledge Management: Journal