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Heterosis and Combining Ability for Grain Yeild and Its Components in Maize (zea Mays L.)

K.K. Paull
Department of Agriculture Science, Santahar Government College: Santahar, Bogra, Bangladesh

S.C. Debnath
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, BAU, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Heterosis and combining ability were studied in a 7x7 diallel cross of maize (Zea mays L.) excluding reciprocals for grain yield and it's component characters. Heterosis for grain yield/plant varied from -45.87 to 177.91 % over mid parent and from -58.82 to 139.59% over better parent. Most of the F₁ s also exhibited significant and desirable heterosis over mid and better parents for the characters ear length, ear diameter, kernel rows/ear, number of kernels/row, 1000- kernel weight and harvest index. Combining ability analysis indicated predominant role of additive gene action for most of the characters studied. Lines P₃, and P₆ were the good general combiner for grain yield/plant; P₃, P₄, P₆ for ear diameter; P₃, P₆ for number of kernels/row and P₆ for ear length and harvest index. The seven crosses viz. P₁ X P₃, P_IXP₇, P₂XP₇, P₃XP₅, P₃XP₆, P₃XP₇, P₄XP₅ showed significant desirable Sea effects for grain yield! plant and the number of crosses exhibited positively significant Sea effect for ear length, ear diameter, kernel rows/ear, number of kernels/row, 1000- kernel weight and harvest index were 3, 5, 1, 6,4 and 5 respectively.

Keywords: Heterosis, Grain yeild, Components, Maize.

Location: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-00-1991

End Date: 00-00-1992

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Maize

Objectives:

1. To study the magnitude of heterosis and the general and specific combining abilities.

2. To identify good general and specific combiners for grain yield/plant, ear length, ear diameter, kernel rows/ear, number of kernels/row, 1000- kernel weight and harvest index.

Methodology:

Seven maize inbred lines viz. S_35-3, S_2-9, # 103, #1019, S_I0-2, # 7721 and # 7785 here designated as P_I, P₂, P₃,---- P₇ respectively, were crossed in a diallel fashion excluding reciprocals in the rabi season of 1991-92 at the research farm of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. In the following year, 21 F₁s along with seven parents were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the same farm of this University. Each experimental entry was placed in a single row plot of 5m long with row to row spacing of 0.75m and plant to plant spacing of 0.25m. Observations were recorded on ten randomly selected plants from each entry in each replication for grain yield/plant, ear length (cm), ear diameter (cm), kernel rows/ear, number of kernels/row, 1000-kernel weight (g) and harvest index. The combining ability analysis for each character was carried out following model I (fixed effect model) and method 2 (parents and one set of F1s) described by Griffing. Relative importance of general combining ability (Gca) and specific combining ability (Sca) was calculated by the ratio 2 σ²g/(2σ²g+σ²s) for fixed effect model, where σ²g and σ² s are the equivalent component of Gca and Sca, respectively.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture, Vol: 24 (2), PP: 61-68, 1999, ISSN: 0253-5408

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the present study, it can be concluded that wide range of heterosis as compared to mid- and better parents were observed for all characters studied indicate desireable positive performance. The characters grain yield per plant, ear length, ear diameter, kernel rows per ear, number of kernels per row and harvest index showed both additive and non additive type of gene effects which were very important in the inheritance of these characters. Combining ability effects of parents and crosses indicated that the gca effects of parents were not reflected in the sea effects of the crosses in most traits studied. The present investigation showed that the prediction of hybrids based on the parental performance may not be practically true, since both per se performance and gca performance of the parents were not reflected in the sea effects of the crosses. This research work is very helpful to utilize these gemplasm to develop new cultivars superior to existing ones and increase total yield. The hybrids were desireable for exploiting non additive gene action for their short stature in increasing maize production reducing cost for stacking from lodging.

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