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Genotypic Variation in Physiological Characters and Grain Yield of Wheat Under Low Soil Moisture

N. K. Paul
Department of Botany, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh .

R. Aman
Department of Botany, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh .

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Variation in transpiration rates, relative leaf water content, stomatal characters, chlorophyll and proline contents and grain yield of five wheat cultivars was studied at low soil moisture level in field condition. Cultivars differed significantly for stomatal and total transpiration rates, relative leaf water content, stomatal frequency of both surfaces and grain yield. The highest yielding cultivar Aghrani accumulated more proline. The lowest yielding cultivar Sonalika had higher transpiration rates, stomatal pore length and stomata remained open for longer time than Aghrani.

Keywords: Wheat, Transpiration , Relative leaf water content, Stomata , Proline, Chlorophyll.

Location: Rajshahi

Start Date: 23-11-1996

End Date: 12-04-1997

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To study the variation of physiological characters and grain yield of five wheat cultivars at low soil moisture and to identify some of these characters which are related to higher grain yield.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Rajshahi University. The materials for the study comprised five wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars viz ., Sonalika, Kanchan, Aghrani , Akbar and Barkat.The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with 3 replications. No irrigation was given during the whole experimental period. The total rainfall during this period was 126 mm. Quick weighing method for the analysis of transpiration of detached leaves was used for the comparison of leaf water status and stomatal behaviour. Relative leaf water content (RLWC) was determined Chlorophyll and proline contents were also estimated. Stomatal frequency and stomatal pore length were measured by applying quickfix (Wembly Enterprises , India) on the leaf segments . Flag leaves were used for all these measurement. Grain yield and its components were measured at the time of final harvest. Analysis of variance was done and LSD values at 5% level were calculated.

Source of Information: Ann.Bangladesh Agric.I0 (2): 1 95-20I, 2000

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Cultivar differences for stomatal and total transpiration rates were significant. Sonalika had the highest and Akbar had the lowest stomatal and total transpiration rates. Kanchan , Aghrani and Barkat had the intermediate values. The stomatal transpiration rate was found higher than cuticular transpiration rate in all the cases. The relative turgidity at all the points of intersection was taken as a critical. level for stomata closure . RLWC at the point of stomata closure and the time at which stomata closed are shown in Table 2. Kanchan closed its stomata at higher RLWC (61%), whereas Sonalika closed its stomata at lower RLWC (46%). The remammg cultivars had intermediate values . Stomata of Akbar remained open for longer duration (77 minutes), but of Aghrani remained open for a shorter duration (53 minutes). The highest number of kernels/plant , number of spikelets/panicle and grain yield were produced by Aghrani and the lowest values were observed in Sonalika. Therefore , the grain yield depended on the number of kernels/plant and the number of spikelets/panicle. But in the present investigation, the number of tillers/plant was highest in Sonalika and it produced the lowest grain yield. The highest extrusion length was found in Sonalika . So, it appears that grain yield was not dependent on the number of tillers/plant and extrusion length.From the results of the present study, it may be concluded that for selection of higher yielding cultivar for low soil moisture environment, emphasis should be given to higher proline content and lower transpiration rates and stomatal pore length and as the quickness of stomatal closure is a means of drought resistance , time for stomatal closure should be less.

Knowledge Management: Journal